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Radiation monitoring system in clinical imaging
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Abstract(s)
A prestação de cuidados de saĂșde estĂĄ muito apoiada em tĂ©cnicas de diagnĂłstico radiolĂłgico nas suas variadas formas, desde a radiografia convencional aos mĂ©todos mais sofisticados de aquisição de imagem como a radiologia digital, a tomografia computorizada, mamografia digital, entre outras. Estas prĂĄticas sĂŁo realizadas em instituiçÔes de dimensĂŁo e apetrechamento tĂ©cnico variado desde os grandes hospitais centrais a pequenos centros de radiologia. Comum a todos eles, estĂĄ a utilização de radiaçÔes ionizantes que, a par das suas inegĂĄveis qualidades e contributo para a saĂșde e bem-estar das populaçÔes, tem igualmente potencial de, sendo desadequadamente utilizadas, produzirem efeitos indesejĂĄveis. A proteção radiolĂłgica tem vindo a desenvolver normas e regras que nos orientam para doses de radiação adequadas aos diversos procedimentos de forma a maximizar o seu benefĂcio atravĂ©s da obtenção de informação adequada e necessĂĄria com o mĂnimo de risco associado. A aplicação destes nĂveis de referĂȘncia deve ter em conta as caracterĂsticas dos pacientes, que variam com a sua idade, peso, gĂ©nero e outros fatores. Dado que em geral, em cada instituição, Ă© necessĂĄrio tratar mais de uma centena de exames diariamente, Ă© fundamental ter meios que potenciem a informação recolhida com um processamento automĂĄtico e que seja apresentada em formato adequado permitindo a sua anĂĄlise em tempo Ăștil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema informĂĄtico que permite, na web, analisar estatisticamente vĂĄrios parĂąmetros da imagem, entre os quais, a dose de radiação, a tensĂŁo elĂ©trica, tempo de exposição e força de compressĂŁo (no caso das mamografias) aplicados e tambĂ©m a comparação dos valores obtidos com as diretivas europeias. Adicionalmente, o sistema tambĂ©m permite o upload de dados num perfil de utilizador acessĂvel com password, para que seja possĂvel a visualização de dados prĂłprios. Como caso de estudo, recolheram-se de um hospital pĂșblico portuguĂȘs, dados de tomografias computorizadas, radiografias e mamografias efetuadas num mĂȘs. No geral, os resultados nĂŁo diferem muito das referĂȘncias europeias Ă exceção do DLP (Dose Length Product) nos exames de tomografia computorizada cujos valores estĂŁo drasticamente acima das orientaçÔes sugeridas. TambĂ©m sĂŁo relatadas algumas radiografias cujos valores da tensĂŁo elĂ©trica e de tempo de exposição estĂŁo ligeiramente acima das referĂȘncias europeias. Nas mamografias existem dois casos especĂficos cuja dose de radiação atribuĂda estĂĄ desajustada tendo em conta a espessura da mama da paciente. Por outro lado, tambĂ©m se observam valores de tempo de exposição relativamente superiores Ă guideline europeia.
The health care service delivery is, today, being supported by radiological diagnose techniques in the most various ways, from the conventional x-ray to the more sophisticated image acquisition methods, such as digital radiology, computed tomography and mammography. These techniques are performed in institutions with varied technical equipment from the central hospitals to the small radiology centers. Common to them all, is the use of ionizing radiation which, along with its undeniable qualities and contribution to health and population welfare, has also the potential to produce undesirable effects when inappropriately used. The radiological protection has been developing standards and rules that guide us to appropriate radiation doses on the various procedures in order to maximize their benefit by obtaining adequate and necessary diagnostic information with minimal associated risk. The application of these references and guidelines should consider the patientâs characteristics such as weight, height, gender and other factors. Generally, in each institution it is necessary to process hundreds of exams daily being crucial to have the proper means to automatically process the retrieved data and present it, on a suitable format, allowing quick analysis. The present project had as main goal, the development of an informatic web-based system that permits statistical analysis of various imaging parameters such as radiation dose, exposure time, voltage and compression force (in mammographies), and the comparison of the obtained values with the European guidelines. Additionally, the system allows the upload of data in a user profile accessible by a keyword to make possible the analysis of own data. As a case-study, data from computed radiographies, computed tomographies and mammographies examinations were collected from a Portuguese public hospital and over a period of one month. Generally, the results donât diverge from the reference levels, except for the DLP (Dose Length Product) in computed tomographies, whose values are drastically above the guidelines. Are also reported some computed radiographies whose voltage and exposure time values are slightly above the European references. In mammographies, there are two specific cases in which the assigned radiation dose is inadequate taking into account the patientâs breast thickness. On the other hand, is observed exposure time values relatively greater than the European guideline.
The health care service delivery is, today, being supported by radiological diagnose techniques in the most various ways, from the conventional x-ray to the more sophisticated image acquisition methods, such as digital radiology, computed tomography and mammography. These techniques are performed in institutions with varied technical equipment from the central hospitals to the small radiology centers. Common to them all, is the use of ionizing radiation which, along with its undeniable qualities and contribution to health and population welfare, has also the potential to produce undesirable effects when inappropriately used. The radiological protection has been developing standards and rules that guide us to appropriate radiation doses on the various procedures in order to maximize their benefit by obtaining adequate and necessary diagnostic information with minimal associated risk. The application of these references and guidelines should consider the patientâs characteristics such as weight, height, gender and other factors. Generally, in each institution it is necessary to process hundreds of exams daily being crucial to have the proper means to automatically process the retrieved data and present it, on a suitable format, allowing quick analysis. The present project had as main goal, the development of an informatic web-based system that permits statistical analysis of various imaging parameters such as radiation dose, exposure time, voltage and compression force (in mammographies), and the comparison of the obtained values with the European guidelines. Additionally, the system allows the upload of data in a user profile accessible by a keyword to make possible the analysis of own data. As a case-study, data from computed radiographies, computed tomographies and mammographies examinations were collected from a Portuguese public hospital and over a period of one month. Generally, the results donât diverge from the reference levels, except for the DLP (Dose Length Product) in computed tomographies, whose values are drastically above the guidelines. Are also reported some computed radiographies whose voltage and exposure time values are slightly above the European references. In mammographies, there are two specific cases in which the assigned radiation dose is inadequate taking into account the patientâs breast thickness. On the other hand, is observed exposure time values relatively greater than the European guideline.
Description
Tese de mestrado, BioinformĂĄtica e Biologia Computacional (BioinformĂĄtica) Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiĂȘncias, 2016
Keywords
Radiação ionizante Monitorização de dose Exposição radiológica médica Efeitos prejudiciais Guidelines Teses de mestrado - 2016