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Cavalo do Sorraia, uma raça ameaçada:medidas de conservação e gestão genética
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O Cavalo do Sorraia constitui, para além do Lusitano e do Garrano, uma das poucas raças equinas autóctones presentes a nível nacional, sendo considerado um cavalo primitivo e o mais provável ancestral das actuais raças de cavalo de sela da Península Ibérica. Com um efectivo a rondar os 200 indivíduos, integra a lista das raças raras (particularmente ameaçadas) definidas no mais recente PDR nacional e é classificada como critical-maintained de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela FAO. Inserido no programa de conservação in situ actualmente em curso sob o escrutínio da associação de criadores, pretendeu-se com este Mestrado contribuir para o aumento da eficácia das medidas de conservação e gestão genética que se revelam essenciais para a preservação desta raça equina tão peculiar. Com a realização deste trabalho, todos os dados populacionais ficaram disponíveis num software especialmente desenvolvido para a gestão do Studbook de raças autóctones ameaçadas, o qual foi adaptado e optimizado para o tornar um importante instrumento na gestão do Cavalo do Sorraia. Por outro lado, no contexto da monitorização periódica dos índices de variabilidade, importante no delineamento de planos de conservação cada vez mais adequados, foram obtidos diversos parâmetros genéticos e demográficos populacionais (alguns nunca antes calculados) a partir dos dados genealógicos disponíveis recorrendo ao programa ENDOG v.4.0, os quais vieram a revelar os baixos valores de diversidade que caracterizam a raça e que estão de acordo com os resultados que têm sido descritos ao longo dos últimos anos. O presente trabalho passou ainda pela colaboração em diversas acções de avaliação, promoção e divulgação da raça Sorraia (sobretudo através da reformulação e enriquecimento do website a ela dedicado) na tentativa de aumentar o número de interessados ao seu redor, fundamental para a sua sustentabilidade futura
Sorraia is, along with Lusitano and Garrano, one of the few native horse breeds in Portugal and is considered a primitive horse and the most probable ancestor of the modern southern Iberian saddle horse breeds. With roughly 200 living animals (less than 100 reproductive females) it's considered by FAO as a critical-maintained breed and, therefore, an efficient conservation plan is essential to guarantee its future sustainability. The aim of this work was to contribute for the improvement of management measures essential to the breed's survival, practices that have been applied by the breeders association over the last few years according to the in situ conservation program already in practice. In this way, all the available population data was gathered on a computer program designed for the management of threatened autochthonous breeds, software that was also optimized to the Sorraia Horse in order to get a useful tool for its own population management. The regular assessment of the within population genetic variability, important for the establishment of an efficient conservation strategy, was also carried out in the present work through the analysis of the pedigree information registered on the Sorraia Horse Studbook. All the genetic and demographic parameters computed using ENDOG v.4.0 (some of them for the first time) revealed low levels of diversity characterizing this breed, being consistent with results obtained from several previous studies. Finally, as an attempt to increase the interest around this horse, some additional tasks were performed during this project, particularly the enrichment of the breeders association's webpage which represents a powerful tool to divulgate such valorous breed
Sorraia is, along with Lusitano and Garrano, one of the few native horse breeds in Portugal and is considered a primitive horse and the most probable ancestor of the modern southern Iberian saddle horse breeds. With roughly 200 living animals (less than 100 reproductive females) it's considered by FAO as a critical-maintained breed and, therefore, an efficient conservation plan is essential to guarantee its future sustainability. The aim of this work was to contribute for the improvement of management measures essential to the breed's survival, practices that have been applied by the breeders association over the last few years according to the in situ conservation program already in practice. In this way, all the available population data was gathered on a computer program designed for the management of threatened autochthonous breeds, software that was also optimized to the Sorraia Horse in order to get a useful tool for its own population management. The regular assessment of the within population genetic variability, important for the establishment of an efficient conservation strategy, was also carried out in the present work through the analysis of the pedigree information registered on the Sorraia Horse Studbook. All the genetic and demographic parameters computed using ENDOG v.4.0 (some of them for the first time) revealed low levels of diversity characterizing this breed, being consistent with results obtained from several previous studies. Finally, as an attempt to increase the interest around this horse, some additional tasks were performed during this project, particularly the enrichment of the breeders association's webpage which represents a powerful tool to divulgate such valorous breed
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Biologia (Biologia da Conservação), 2008, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Equídeos Espécies ameaçadas Teses de mestrado