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Publication
Ecotoxicidade de um fármaco neuroativo, a Risperidona, em Artemia spp.
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Authors
Abstract(s)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ecotoxicidade da risperidona em Artemia spp., para obter
informações sobre os potenciais efeitos deletérios deste composto em organismos marinhos não-alvo. A
risperidona é um composto neuroativo que pode comprometer processos fisiológicos e comportamentais
essenciais, podendo conduzir a efeitos a nível populacional. Tendo por base o funcionamento deste
fármaco, foram realizados testes letais e sub-letais, nomeadamente a análise de biomarcadores
bioquímicos e respostas comportamentais. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que a exposição à
risperidona pode afetar significativamente os comportamentos ecológicos, bem como os biomarcadores
bioquímicos. De um modo geral, a concentração de 0,3 µg/L, que se encontra dentro da gama ambiental,
induziu respostas ao nível dos biomarcadores (aumento da peroxidação lipídica, alterações na atividade
da Glutationa S-transferase e Acetilcolinesterase) e das variáveis comportamentais (diminuição da
velocidade mediana, distância total percorrida por indivíduo, velocidade máxima e a distância máxima)
que sugerem possíveis impactos da exposição da risperidona no meio ambiente. Apesar dos efeitos subletais visualizados, inclusive a concentrações ecologicamente relevantes, os valores de concentrações
letais são muito superiores aos observados atualmente no meio marinho. Estas descobertas implicam
que o fármaco utilizado pode induzir danos que servem como precursores de fatores de stress ambiental,
sendo espectáveis alterações bioquímicas e fisiológicas antes da manifestação de efeitos letais. As
alterações comportamentais observadas têm ramificações ecológicas de elevada importância
(capacidade de sobrevivência, reprodução e interação com o seu ambiente). A adoção de programas de
monitorização para encontrar e medir a risperidona em ambientes naturais é essencial, uma vez que esta
substância já demonstrou ter efeitos substanciais em organismos marinhos a concentrações ambientais.
Além disso, são necessárias ações de mitigação para reduzir a quantidade libertada deste fármaco no
ambiente, como a regulamentação da eliminação de medicamentos e o tratamento de efluentes.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of risperidone in Artemia spp, in order to obtain information on the potential deleterious effects of this compound on non-target marine organisms. Risperidone is a neuroactive compound that can compromise essential physiological and behavioral processes, leading to potential population-level effects. Based on how this drug works, lethal and sublethal tests were carried out, namely by addressing biochemical biomarker parameters and behavioral responses. The results of this study show that exposure to risperidone significantly affects ecological behaviors, as well as biochemical biomarkers. In general, the concentration of 0.3 µg/L, which is within the environmental range, induced responses at the biomarkers level (increased lipid peroxidation, changes in Glutathione S-transferase and Acetylcholinesterase activity) and in behavioral variables (decrease in median speed, total distance traveled per individual, maximum speed and maximum distance), which suggest possible impacts of risperidone exposure in the environment. Despite the sublethal effects observed, even at ecologically relevant concentrations, the lethal concentration values were much higher than those currently observed in the marine environment. These findings imply that the drug used can induce damage that serves as a precursor to environmental stress factors, with biochemical and physiological alterations being expected before the lethal effects are manifested. The behavioral changes observed have highly important ecological ramifications (ability to survive, reproduce and interact with their environment). The adoption of monitoring programs to find and measure risperidone in natural environments is essential, as this substance has already demonstrated to have substantial effects in marine organisms at environmental concentrations. In addition, mitigation actions are needed to reduce the amount of this drug released into the environment, such as regulating the disposal of medicines and the treatment of effluents.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of risperidone in Artemia spp, in order to obtain information on the potential deleterious effects of this compound on non-target marine organisms. Risperidone is a neuroactive compound that can compromise essential physiological and behavioral processes, leading to potential population-level effects. Based on how this drug works, lethal and sublethal tests were carried out, namely by addressing biochemical biomarker parameters and behavioral responses. The results of this study show that exposure to risperidone significantly affects ecological behaviors, as well as biochemical biomarkers. In general, the concentration of 0.3 µg/L, which is within the environmental range, induced responses at the biomarkers level (increased lipid peroxidation, changes in Glutathione S-transferase and Acetylcholinesterase activity) and in behavioral variables (decrease in median speed, total distance traveled per individual, maximum speed and maximum distance), which suggest possible impacts of risperidone exposure in the environment. Despite the sublethal effects observed, even at ecologically relevant concentrations, the lethal concentration values were much higher than those currently observed in the marine environment. These findings imply that the drug used can induce damage that serves as a precursor to environmental stress factors, with biochemical and physiological alterations being expected before the lethal effects are manifested. The behavioral changes observed have highly important ecological ramifications (ability to survive, reproduce and interact with their environment). The adoption of monitoring programs to find and measure risperidone in natural environments is essential, as this substance has already demonstrated to have substantial effects in marine organisms at environmental concentrations. In addition, mitigation actions are needed to reduce the amount of this drug released into the environment, such as regulating the disposal of medicines and the treatment of effluents.
Description
Tese de Mestrado, Ciências do Mar, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Keywords
Biomarcadores Comportamento Contaminantes Emergentes Crustáceo marinho Ecotoxicologia Teses de mestrado - 2024