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Promoção de hábitos de sono saudáveis : uma intervenção para adolescentes baseada no modelo HAPA
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O sono insuficiente na adolescência constitui hoje em dia um problema de saúde pública, sendo os problemas de sono causados frequentemente por uma higiene do sono pobre. Conhece-se a importância de intervenções baseadas em teoria, mas existem ainda poucas intervenções com vista à mudança dos comportamentos do sono teoricamente suportadas para adolescentes. Neste estudo, foi desenhada, implementada e avaliada uma intervenção baseada no modelo HAPA (Health Action Process Approach) para promover comportamentos de higiene do sono numa amostra de adolescentes, numa condição de intervenção e noutra de controlo passivo.
Os participantes (N=49, Midade=12.65, DP=1.01) foram alunos do 7ºAno do Agrupamento de Escolas do Catujal-Unhos. Tratou-se de um estudo quasi-experimental de intervenção, com avaliação pré e pós-teste. O grupo de intervenção recebeu, em cinco sessões semanais, informação sobre a importância do sono e de desempenhar comportamentos de higiene do sono semanais, integrada com estratégias de auto-regulação, além de estratégias motivacionais, de acordo com o modelo HAPA. A avaliação foi realizada através das versões portuguesas da Escala Pediátrica de Sonolência Diurna (PDSS), da Escala de Higiene de Sono para Adolescentes (EHSA) e do Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-PT).
Os resultados mostraram que ambos os grupos apresentavam inicialmente pobre qualidade de sono e, após a aplicação do programa, o grupo experimental melhorou comparativamente com o grupo de controlo (F(1,45)= 3.85, p = .056, d= .59). Quanto à higiene do sono, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos (F(1,46)= 2.33, p = .134, d= .45), excetuando nos fatores cognitivo/emocional (F(1,45)= 4.84, p = .033, d= .66) e fisiológico (F(1,45)= 3.04, p = .088, d= .52), nos quais o grupo experimental melhorou em comparação com o grupo de controlo, após a intervenção. Relativamente à sonolência diurna, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos (F(1,46)= .01, p = .916, d= .00).
Conclui-se que a intervenção na área da saúde do sono é necessária, tendo-se verificado que uma intervenção breve na área do sono, com adolescentes, teoricamente sustentada no modelo HAPA contribuiu para melhorar a saúde do sono da amostra em causa.
Insufficient sleep in adolescence is currently a public health problem and sleep problems are often caused by poor sleep hygiene. The importance of theory-based interventions is well known, but there are still few theoretically supported interventions targeting sleep behaviors in adolescents. In this study, an intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model was designed, implemented, and evaluated to promote sleep hygiene behaviors in a sample of adolescents, with an intervention condition and a passive control condition. The participants (N= 49, Mage= 12.65, SD= 1.01) were 7th-grade students from the Catujal-Unhos School Cluster. This was a quasi-experimental intervention study with pre-test and post-test evaluation. The intervention group received five weekly sessions of information about the importance of sleep and engaging in sleep hygiene behaviors, integrated with self-regulation strategies and motivational variables, according to the HAPA model. The evaluation was conducted using the Portuguese versions of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (EHSA), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-PT). The results showed that both groups initially had poor sleep quality and after the program implementation the experimental group showed greater improvement compared to the control group (F(1, 45)= 3.85, p = .056, d= .59). No significant differences were found regarding sleep hygiene between the groups (F(1,46)= 2.33, p = .134, d= .45), except for the cognitive/emotional factor (F(1,45)= 4.84, p = .033, d= .66) and physiological factor (F(1,45)= 3.04, p = .088, d= .52), where the experimental group showed greater improvement compared to the control group after the intervention. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of daytime sleepiness (F(1,46)= .01, p = .916, d= .00). In conclusion, the present research found that intervention on sleep health is necessary, and that a brief intervention program theoretically based on the HAPA model to promote sleep among adolescents contributed to improving the sleep health of the sample under study.
Insufficient sleep in adolescence is currently a public health problem and sleep problems are often caused by poor sleep hygiene. The importance of theory-based interventions is well known, but there are still few theoretically supported interventions targeting sleep behaviors in adolescents. In this study, an intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model was designed, implemented, and evaluated to promote sleep hygiene behaviors in a sample of adolescents, with an intervention condition and a passive control condition. The participants (N= 49, Mage= 12.65, SD= 1.01) were 7th-grade students from the Catujal-Unhos School Cluster. This was a quasi-experimental intervention study with pre-test and post-test evaluation. The intervention group received five weekly sessions of information about the importance of sleep and engaging in sleep hygiene behaviors, integrated with self-regulation strategies and motivational variables, according to the HAPA model. The evaluation was conducted using the Portuguese versions of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (EHSA), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-PT). The results showed that both groups initially had poor sleep quality and after the program implementation the experimental group showed greater improvement compared to the control group (F(1, 45)= 3.85, p = .056, d= .59). No significant differences were found regarding sleep hygiene between the groups (F(1,46)= 2.33, p = .134, d= .45), except for the cognitive/emotional factor (F(1,45)= 4.84, p = .033, d= .66) and physiological factor (F(1,45)= 3.04, p = .088, d= .52), where the experimental group showed greater improvement compared to the control group after the intervention. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of daytime sleepiness (F(1,46)= .01, p = .916, d= .00). In conclusion, the present research found that intervention on sleep health is necessary, and that a brief intervention program theoretically based on the HAPA model to promote sleep among adolescents contributed to improving the sleep health of the sample under study.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica Cognitivo-Comportamental Integrativa), 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Sono Adolescência Qualidade do sono Privação de sono Dissertações de mestrado - 2023