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Complementaridade entre sustentabilidade ambiental e bem-estar animal no âmbito da produção leiteira açoriana à base de pastagem
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O arquipélago dos Açores caracteriza-se pela utilização de pastagens naturais como componente principal da alimentação de bovinos leiteiros. A região tem uma representatividade de aproximadamente 30% na produção nacional de leite, sendo que 67% do leite açoriano é proveniente da ilha de São Miguel. A evidência de que a produção de leite em pastagem contribui diretamente para elevados padrões de bem-estar animal e para um menor impacto ambiental, associada à cada vez mais crescente preocupação por parte dos consumidores no que respeita a estes assuntos, permite valorizar a produção de leite dos Açores. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a importância da pastagem, como fator diferenciador, nos parâmetros de bem-estar animal e na pegada de carbono. Foram selecionadas 15 explorações de bovinos de leite, todas localizadas da ilha de São Miguel. Realizaram-se dois questionários, um sobre todas as entradas e saídas de produtos e fatores de produção para cada exploração, permitindo o cálculo da pegada de carbono através da ferramenta Cool Farm Tool. O outro questionário visava obter informações sobre o bem-estar animal, tais como taxa de incidência de doenças metabólicas, motivos de refugo e problemas podais. As explorações registaram um valor médio de 113±31 de vacas leiteiras e uma área média de 55,7 hectares. A produção média de leite das explorações estudadas variava de 7 008 a 11 352 kg de leite/ vaca*ano com um valor médio de 9 497 kg de leite/ vaca*ano e os valores de pegada de carbono variaram entre 1,26 e 1,81 kg CO2e/ kg FPCM (valor médio de 1,45 kg CO2e/ kg FPCM)
ABSTRACT - Complementarity between environmental sustainability and animal welfare in azorean pasture-based dairy production - The Azores archipelago is characterized by the use of natural pastures as the main fodder in dairy cattle production. The region accounts for 30% of Portuguese cow milk production, with 67% of the Azorean milk being produced in the São Miguel Island. The evidence that pasture-based milk production contributes directly to higher standards of animal welfare and a lower environmental impact, coupled with the growing concern of consumers regarding issues of environmental sustainability and animal welfare, enhances the value of dairy production in the Azores. In such context, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of grazing, as a differentiating factor, in animal welfare parameters and in carbon footprint. Fifteen dairy cattle farms were selected, all located in the São Miguel Island. Two inquiries were carried out, one on all inputs and outputs of each farm, allowing for the calculation of the carbon footprint through the Cool Farm Tool. The other questionnaire aimed at obtaining information on animal welfare, through metabolic diseases incidences, culling reasons and the occurrence of hoof problems. The farms had an average of 113±31 dairy cows, and with an average area of 55.7 hectares. Their milk production ranged from 7 008 to 11 352 kg milk/cow*year with an average value of 9 497 kg milk/cow*year and the carbon footprint values ranged from 1.26 to 1.81 kg CO2e/ kg FPCM (average value of 1.45 kg CO2e/ kg FPCM)
ABSTRACT - Complementarity between environmental sustainability and animal welfare in azorean pasture-based dairy production - The Azores archipelago is characterized by the use of natural pastures as the main fodder in dairy cattle production. The region accounts for 30% of Portuguese cow milk production, with 67% of the Azorean milk being produced in the São Miguel Island. The evidence that pasture-based milk production contributes directly to higher standards of animal welfare and a lower environmental impact, coupled with the growing concern of consumers regarding issues of environmental sustainability and animal welfare, enhances the value of dairy production in the Azores. In such context, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of grazing, as a differentiating factor, in animal welfare parameters and in carbon footprint. Fifteen dairy cattle farms were selected, all located in the São Miguel Island. Two inquiries were carried out, one on all inputs and outputs of each farm, allowing for the calculation of the carbon footprint through the Cool Farm Tool. The other questionnaire aimed at obtaining information on animal welfare, through metabolic diseases incidences, culling reasons and the occurrence of hoof problems. The farms had an average of 113±31 dairy cows, and with an average area of 55.7 hectares. Their milk production ranged from 7 008 to 11 352 kg milk/cow*year with an average value of 9 497 kg milk/cow*year and the carbon footprint values ranged from 1.26 to 1.81 kg CO2e/ kg FPCM (average value of 1.45 kg CO2e/ kg FPCM)
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica/Produção Animal
Keywords
Bovinos de leite Açores Pastagem Indicadores de bem-estar Pegada de carbono Dairy cattle Azores Pasture Welfare indicators Carbon footprint
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Martins CA. 2022. Complementaridade entre sustentabilidade ambiental e bem-estar animal no âmbito da produção leiteira açoriana à base de pastagem [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV. ISA-Universidade de Lisboa
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. Instituto Superior de Agronomia