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Hericium Erinaceus polyphenols on the strive against Alzheimer’s Disease
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Resumo(s)
A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva irreversível.
Infelizmente não existe cura, mas existem medicamentos que podem melhorar os sintomas.
Esta doença afeta profundamente os idosos, mas não é uma parte natural ou normal do
processo de envelhecimento.
As dietas ocidentais concentram-se na ingestão de alimentos para melhorar e prevenir
algumas das doenças mais comuns. Neste tipo de dieta, o uso de cogumelos medicinais foi
tão notório que foram definidos como suplementos alimentares (DSs) seguindo as orientações
da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e da Lei de Educação para a Saúde dos
Suplementos Alimentares (DSHEA) tornando-os mais fáceis de integrar. Um cogumelo
denominado Cogumelo Juba de Leão ou cogumelo Hericium Erinaceus é utilizado na China
pelas suas propriedades gastrointestinais e no Japão pelas suas propriedades
neuroprotetoras.
Devido à sua utilização tradicional na prevenção e alívio de muitas doenças, o cogumelo
tornou-se um candidato promissor para a recuperação e alívio de doenças cerebrais
patológicas como a DA.
Para este estudo, o foco principal foi a caracterização do extracto do cogumelo juba de leão,
em termos da quantificação de compostos fenólicos e flavonóides presentes no seu extracto
e, em seguida, o seu potencial benéfico contra o stress oxidativo relacionado com a DA. Em
primeiro lugar, realizámos um extracto etanólico do cogumelo Juba de Leão e depois
quantificámos a disponibilidade de fenólicos e flavonóides neste extrato pelos métodos
previamente descritos. De seguida, avaliámos a capacidade deste extracto em reduzir o stress
oxidativo provocado pelo H2O2 num modelo in vitro de DA, a linha celular de neuroblastoma
SH-SY5Y com mutação sueca, abordando a viabilidade mitocondrial e a produção de SRO.
Na caracterização do extracto etanólico do cogumelo, foi encontrado um teor total de fenol de
5,93 ± 0,32 mg GAE/g dw e um teor total de flavonóides de 5,31 ± 0,14 mg QE/g dw. Utilizando
o HPLC-DAD-MS/MS foi possível identificar no extracto vários componentes como ácidos
fenólicos, flavonóides, esteróis e benzaldeídos. Além disso, a capacidade antioxidante do
extracto foi avaliada pelo método DPPH, demonstrando uma atividade eliminação de radicais
livres de 13,06 ± 0,69%. Ao utilizar o modelo in vitro de DA o extrato fenólico do cogumelo
não apresentou toxicidade celular na presença de H2O2, embora não tenham sido
observados efeitos significativos na prevenção do aumento da intensidade mitocondrial, o
extrato foi capaz de reduzir o efeito oxidante do H2O2.
Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o extrato fenólico do cogumelo Hericium Erinaceus pode
ter um papel parcial na prevenção do stress oxidativo num modelo in vitro de DA, sugerindo
o seu potencial antioxidante em doenças neurodegenerativas, quando incorporado na dieta.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease. Unfortunately, there is no cure, there are however drugs available that can improve the symptoms. This disease highly affects older people, but it is not a natural or normal part of the ageing process. Western diets focus on food intake to improve and prevent some of the most common diseases. In this type of diet, the use of medicinal mushrooms was so notorious that they were defined as dietary supplements (DSs) following the directions of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Dietary Supplement Health Education Act (DSHEA) making them easier to integrate into someone’s diet. Lion’s Mane Mushroom or Hericium Erinaceus mushroom is used in China for its gastrointestinal properties and in Japan for its neuroprotective properties. Due to its traditional use for preventing and alleviating many diseases, the mushroom became one promising candidate for recovering and alleviating pathological brain diseases such as AD. For this study, the main focus was the characterisation of the lion's mane mushroom extract, in terms of the quantification of phenolic compounds, and flavonoids present in its extract and its potential benefit against AD-related oxidative stress. First, we performed an ethanolic extract of Lion’s Mane mushroom and then quantified the availability of phenolic and flavonoids in this extract using previously described methods. Then we assess the ability of this extract to reduce the oxidative stress elicited by H2O2 in an in vitro model of AD, the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with Swedish mutation, by addressing mitochondria viability and ROS production. In the characterisation of the ethanol extract of the mushroom, it was found a total phenol content of 5,93 ± 0,32 mg GAE/g dw and a total flavonoid content of 5,31 ± 0,14 mg QE/g dw. By using the HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, it was possible to identify various components such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, sterols, and benzaldehydes in the extract. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated by the DPPH method, demonstrating a scavenging activity of 13,06 ± 0,69 %. When using the in vitro AD model, the mushroom’s phenolic extract had no cell toxicity in the presence of H2O2, and although no significant effects were observed in the prevention of increased mitochondria intensity, the extract reduced the H2O2 oxidising effect. The results obtained suggest that the phenolic extract of the Hericium Erinaceus mushroom may have a partial role in the prevention of oxidative stress in an in vitro model of AD, suggesting its antioxidant potential in neurodegenerative diseases, when incorporated into the diet.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease. Unfortunately, there is no cure, there are however drugs available that can improve the symptoms. This disease highly affects older people, but it is not a natural or normal part of the ageing process. Western diets focus on food intake to improve and prevent some of the most common diseases. In this type of diet, the use of medicinal mushrooms was so notorious that they were defined as dietary supplements (DSs) following the directions of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Dietary Supplement Health Education Act (DSHEA) making them easier to integrate into someone’s diet. Lion’s Mane Mushroom or Hericium Erinaceus mushroom is used in China for its gastrointestinal properties and in Japan for its neuroprotective properties. Due to its traditional use for preventing and alleviating many diseases, the mushroom became one promising candidate for recovering and alleviating pathological brain diseases such as AD. For this study, the main focus was the characterisation of the lion's mane mushroom extract, in terms of the quantification of phenolic compounds, and flavonoids present in its extract and its potential benefit against AD-related oxidative stress. First, we performed an ethanolic extract of Lion’s Mane mushroom and then quantified the availability of phenolic and flavonoids in this extract using previously described methods. Then we assess the ability of this extract to reduce the oxidative stress elicited by H2O2 in an in vitro model of AD, the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with Swedish mutation, by addressing mitochondria viability and ROS production. In the characterisation of the ethanol extract of the mushroom, it was found a total phenol content of 5,93 ± 0,32 mg GAE/g dw and a total flavonoid content of 5,31 ± 0,14 mg QE/g dw. By using the HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, it was possible to identify various components such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, sterols, and benzaldehydes in the extract. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated by the DPPH method, demonstrating a scavenging activity of 13,06 ± 0,69 %. When using the in vitro AD model, the mushroom’s phenolic extract had no cell toxicity in the presence of H2O2, and although no significant effects were observed in the prevention of increased mitochondria intensity, the extract reduced the H2O2 oxidising effect. The results obtained suggest that the phenolic extract of the Hericium Erinaceus mushroom may have a partial role in the prevention of oxidative stress in an in vitro model of AD, suggesting its antioxidant potential in neurodegenerative diseases, when incorporated into the diet.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Qualidade Alimentar e Saúde, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Alzheimer’s Disease Antioxidant activity Hericium Erinaceus Flavonoids Teses de mestrado - 2024