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Contributo para a implantação da cultura da Abóbora “Spaghetti” no Ribatejo
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Resumo(s)
A abóbora é um produto hortícola bastante conhecido e utilizado pela população, tanto a nível nacional como mundial. Porém, existem inúmeras variedades, cada uma com as suas características de produção e qualidade. Neste trabalho, o objetivo é avaliar as condições de produção da espécie Cucurbita pepo L. variedade ““Spaghetti”” na região da Chamusca, Ribatejo, analisando a adequação das condições edafoclimáticas e o impacto que o modo de condução e a idade da semente pode apresentar no rendimento e qualidade dos frutos produzidos.
Na Chamusca, durante o período primavera/ verão de 2021, realizou-se um ensaio de campo com esta cultivar, comparando-se sementes frescas e conservadas do ano anterior, 2020 (numa totalidade de 218 sementes). Recorreu-se a dois sistemas de condução, em linha única e linha dupla. Da colheita da abóbora ““Spaghetti””, que rendeu 350 abóboras, foram selecionados aleatoriamente 28 frutos para se analisar a sua biometria, através da pesagem e medição de calibre, e qualidade através da análise da cor por colorimetria e dos teores de matéria seca, de amido e de açúcares de baixo peso molecular. O teor de matéria seca foi determinado por secagem, o teor de amido por digestão com α-amilase e os açúcares simples por refratometria. Consoante cada parcela (sementes novas ou conservadas, linhas únicas ou duplas), a diferença dos frutos foi bastante notória, verificou-se uma grande heterogeneidade a nível de tamanho e forma, que se refletiu nas dimensões e massa dos frutos das abóboras de sementes novas e semeadas em linha única. Na medição através do colorímetro e na análise do amido e dos açúcares, os valores foram muito mais homogéneos, oscilando entre 66,62 e 86,83 (casca) e 70,03 a 80,07 (polpa) no colorímetro, 0,09 a 8,19 no amido e 1,2 a 2,0 nos açúcares. Sendo uma cultura destinada essencialmente a processamento industrial, a homogeneidade do produto é um parâmetro muito importante, sendo por isso de optar pela abóbora de semente antiga em linha dupla.
Pumpkin is a well-known and widely used vegetable, both nationally and worldwide. However, there are numerous varieties, each with its own production and quality characteristics. In this work, the aim is to evaluate the production conditions of the species Cucurbita pepo L. variety “Spaghetti” in the region of Chamusca, Ribatejo, analysing the suitability of the soil and climate conditions and the impact that the way of conducting and the age of the seed may present on the yield and quality of the fruit produced. In Chamusca, during the spring/summer of 2021, a field trial was carried out with this cultivar, comparing fresh and stored seeds from the previous year, 2020 (a total of 218 seeds). Two training systems were used, single and double row. From the “Spaghetti” pumpkin harvest, which yielded 350 pumpkins, 28 fruits were randomly selected to analyse their biometry, by weighing and measuring their size, and their quality, by colour analysis using colorimetry and the contents of dry matter, starch and low molecular weight sugars. Dry matter content was determined by drying, starch content by digestion with α-amylase and simple sugars by refractometry. According to each plot (new or preserved seeds, single or double rows), the difference in the fruits was quite notorious, there was a great heterogeneity in size and shape, which was reflected in the size and mass of the fruits of the new seeded and single row pumpkins. In the colorimeter measurement and in the analysis of the starch and sugars, the values were much more homogeneous, ranging from 66.62 to 86.83 (peel) and 70.03 to 80.07 (pulp) in the colorimeter, 0.09 to 8.19 in the starch and 1.2 to 2.0 in the sugars. As a crop that is essentially destined for industrial processing, the homogeneity of the product is a very important parameter, which is why to opt for the old seed pumpkin in double row.
Pumpkin is a well-known and widely used vegetable, both nationally and worldwide. However, there are numerous varieties, each with its own production and quality characteristics. In this work, the aim is to evaluate the production conditions of the species Cucurbita pepo L. variety “Spaghetti” in the region of Chamusca, Ribatejo, analysing the suitability of the soil and climate conditions and the impact that the way of conducting and the age of the seed may present on the yield and quality of the fruit produced. In Chamusca, during the spring/summer of 2021, a field trial was carried out with this cultivar, comparing fresh and stored seeds from the previous year, 2020 (a total of 218 seeds). Two training systems were used, single and double row. From the “Spaghetti” pumpkin harvest, which yielded 350 pumpkins, 28 fruits were randomly selected to analyse their biometry, by weighing and measuring their size, and their quality, by colour analysis using colorimetry and the contents of dry matter, starch and low molecular weight sugars. Dry matter content was determined by drying, starch content by digestion with α-amylase and simple sugars by refractometry. According to each plot (new or preserved seeds, single or double rows), the difference in the fruits was quite notorious, there was a great heterogeneity in size and shape, which was reflected in the size and mass of the fruits of the new seeded and single row pumpkins. In the colorimeter measurement and in the analysis of the starch and sugars, the values were much more homogeneous, ranging from 66.62 to 86.83 (peel) and 70.03 to 80.07 (pulp) in the colorimeter, 0.09 to 8.19 in the starch and 1.2 to 2.0 in the sugars. As a crop that is essentially destined for industrial processing, the homogeneity of the product is a very important parameter, which is why to opt for the old seed pumpkin in double row.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Palavras-chave
Cucurbita pepo L. qualidade cor amido α-amilase quality colour starch
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Justino, M.L.O.S. Contributo para a implantação da cultura da Abóbora “Spaghetti” no Ribatejo. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2022. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa