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Lembrar pelos dois : papel de valência emocional na partilha de memória para eventos públicos
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Acontecimentos públicos marcantes permitem investigar em que grau a informação recordada acerca do evento é partilhada entre indivíduos de uma comunidade, resultando numa memória coletiva. Este estudo explorou o efeito da valência emocional na precisão e no grau de partilha de memória. Para isso, examinámos dois eventos públicos marcantes com valência emocional oposta: a vitória de Portugal na Eurovisão e os incêndios de Pedrógão Grande, ambos em 2017. Os participantes (N=45) responderam a um questionário online, em que lhes foi pedido para descrever as suas recordações (narrativa) e responder a questões específicas sobre os eventos (questionário). Os resultados do questionário demonstraram maior precisão e confiança nas respostas para o evento positivo do que para o evento negativo. A análise da semelhança das representações (semelhança interparticipantes; Cheriet et al., 2021, 2023) revelou que as narrativas para o evento positivo partilham significativamente mais detalhes do que as narrativas para o evento negativo. Estes resultados mostram que a precisão, confiança e partilha de memória são moduladas pela valência. Os resultados são consistentes no apoio à perspetiva do mecanismo de identidade social de Berntsen (2009) bem como à proposta de um viés de positividade na memória coletiva (Breslin & Safer, 2011; Talarico & Moore, 2012). As memórias positivas tendem a ser consideradas mais centrais para a identidade do grupo, sendo mais frequentemente faladas, resultando numa maior precisão e semelhança das memórias. Os resultados têm implicações importantes para o debate relativo ao papel da valência emocional do evento na formação e manutenção de memórias coletivas.
Significant public events provide an opportunity to investigate the extent to which information about an event is shared among individuals within a community, leading to the formation of collective memory. This study examined the role of emotional valence on memory accuracy and the degree of shared memory. Specifically, we analyzed two notable public events with contrasting emotional valences: Portugal's victory in the Eurovision Song Contest and the Pedrógão Grande wildfires, both occurring in 2017. Participants (N=45) completed an online questionnaire in which they were asked to recount their recollections (narrative) and respond to specific questions regarding the events (questionnaire). Results indicated greater accuracy and confidence in responses pertaining to the positive event compared to the negative event. Analysis of representational similarity (inter-subjects similarity; Cheriet et al., 2021, 2023) revealed that the positive event narratives contained significantly more shared details than the negative event narratives. These findings suggest that memory accuracy, confidence, and the degree of shared memory are modulated by emotional valence. The results align with Berntsen’s (2009) social identity mechanism framework and support the proposed positivity bias in collective memory (Breslin & Safer, 2011; Talarico & Moore, 2012). Positive memories tend to be perceived as more central to group identity, are more frequently discussed, and consequently exhibit greater accuracy and similarity. The findings have important implications to the debate about the role of the event’s valence in the formation and maintenance of collective memories.
Significant public events provide an opportunity to investigate the extent to which information about an event is shared among individuals within a community, leading to the formation of collective memory. This study examined the role of emotional valence on memory accuracy and the degree of shared memory. Specifically, we analyzed two notable public events with contrasting emotional valences: Portugal's victory in the Eurovision Song Contest and the Pedrógão Grande wildfires, both occurring in 2017. Participants (N=45) completed an online questionnaire in which they were asked to recount their recollections (narrative) and respond to specific questions regarding the events (questionnaire). Results indicated greater accuracy and confidence in responses pertaining to the positive event compared to the negative event. Analysis of representational similarity (inter-subjects similarity; Cheriet et al., 2021, 2023) revealed that the positive event narratives contained significantly more shared details than the negative event narratives. These findings suggest that memory accuracy, confidence, and the degree of shared memory are modulated by emotional valence. The results align with Berntsen’s (2009) social identity mechanism framework and support the proposed positivity bias in collective memory (Breslin & Safer, 2011; Talarico & Moore, 2012). Positive memories tend to be perceived as more central to group identity, are more frequently discussed, and consequently exhibit greater accuracy and similarity. The findings have important implications to the debate about the role of the event’s valence in the formation and maintenance of collective memories.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Cognitiva e Social, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Memória colectiva Eventos públicos Emoções Dissertações de mestrado - 2024