In Vivo Measurements of Murine Melanoma's Complex Permittivity Between 500 MHz and 8.5 GHz

Pelicano, Ana Catarina; Gaspar, Maria Manuela; Reis, Catarina P.; Araújo, Nuno A. M.; Conceição, Raquel C.; Godinho, Daniela M.

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/96637

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Authors

Pelicano, Ana Catarina

Gaspar, Maria Manuela

Abstract(s)

Complex permittivity measurements of murine melanoma tumours were performed via open-ended coaxial probe technique for frequencies ranging from 500 MHz to 8.5 GHz. The measurements were conducted in five mice containing a melanoma tumour each, while the animals were under anaesthesia. Two different measurement methodologies were employed. Eighty-six in vivo measurements of melanoma’s permittivity were collected with the open-ended coaxial probe placed directly on the tumours. A one-pole Cole-Cole model was fitted to the melanoma’s median curve. The data were organised in a nested structure; hence generalised linear mixed-effects models were employed over the entire frequency band to evaluate between-tumour and between-location variabilities. Results revealed a larger between-location variability, indicating intra-tumoral heterogeneity, which was visually confirmed. Additionally, generalised linear mixed-effect models were also employed to assess the measurement methodologies, for 500 MHz, 4.5 GHz, and 8.5 GHz.