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Cidades médias: contributos para a sua definição
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O conceito de cidade média surge pela primeira vez referenciado
em França, em finais dos anos sessenta, quando se preparava o VI Plano de Desenvolvimento Económico e Social (1971-76). Contudo, muitos dos princípios e critérios associados à sua definição estiveram presentes no pensamento de técnicos e
políticos, bem como nas várias intervenções urbanísticas até então desenvolvidas.
Com a crise dos anos setenta, as cidades médias, aproveitando os seus recursos e
potencialidades, surgem como alternativas às grandes cidades em crise e reforçam
a sua posição nos sistemas urbanos regionais. A segunda metade dos anos oitenta
constitui outro marco para as cidades médias. A crescente internacionalização da
economia e o aumento da competitividade deram lugar a um novo quadro de relações, onde as cidades médias passam a desempenhar papéis distintos dos anteriores.
Surge o conceito de cidade intermédia, conceito que tem por base os pressupostos
que definem «meio inovador» ou «território rede». Com os anos noventa emerge a
noção de cidade sustentável, que conferiu às cidades médias um novo quadro de
potencialidades mas, também, de exigências face a um sistema económico cada
vez mais competitivo e globalizado, dando lugar a novas formas de exclusão
económica, social e cultural, particularmente visíveis nas cidades médias localizadas em regiões deprimidas. O presente artigo procura, assim, reflectir sobre as
dificuldades de definir «cidade média» e a forma como o conceito tem evoluído,
respondendo às transformações ocorridas no sistema produtivo e sócio-territorial
europeu.
The concept of medium-sized city was first referred to in France at the end of the 1960s when the 6th Economic and Social Development Policy was under preparation (1971-76). Nonetheless, many of the principles and criteria associated with it had already been borne in the mind of the experts in this field and politicians as well as in the urbanism hitherto developed. With the 1970s crisis, medium-sized cities, due to their resources and potential, emerged as an alternative to large cities then undergoing a crisis and reinforced their place in regional urban systems. The second half of the 1980s was also important for medium-sized cities. The growing internationalization of the economy and increasing competitiveness led to a new framework of relations in which medium-sized cities began to play a different role. The concept of intermediary city emerged, based on what defines «innovative milieu» or «network territory». In the 1990s, the idea of the sustainable city emerged to offer medium-sized cities a new framework of possibilities as well as demands faced with an increasingly competitive and globalize economy which has led to new forms of economic, social and cultural exclusion, especially noticeable in small cities in depressed areas. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the difficulty of reaching a definition of «medium-sized city» and the manner in which the concept has evolved as it responds to the transformations within the European productive and socio-territorial system.
The concept of medium-sized city was first referred to in France at the end of the 1960s when the 6th Economic and Social Development Policy was under preparation (1971-76). Nonetheless, many of the principles and criteria associated with it had already been borne in the mind of the experts in this field and politicians as well as in the urbanism hitherto developed. With the 1970s crisis, medium-sized cities, due to their resources and potential, emerged as an alternative to large cities then undergoing a crisis and reinforced their place in regional urban systems. The second half of the 1980s was also important for medium-sized cities. The growing internationalization of the economy and increasing competitiveness led to a new framework of relations in which medium-sized cities began to play a different role. The concept of intermediary city emerged, based on what defines «innovative milieu» or «network territory». In the 1990s, the idea of the sustainable city emerged to offer medium-sized cities a new framework of possibilities as well as demands faced with an increasingly competitive and globalize economy which has led to new forms of economic, social and cultural exclusion, especially noticeable in small cities in depressed areas. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the difficulty of reaching a definition of «medium-sized city» and the manner in which the concept has evolved as it responds to the transformations within the European productive and socio-territorial system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cidades médias Cidades intermédias Cidades sustentáveis Meio inovador Desenvolvimento local Globalização
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Marques da Costa, E. M. (2002). Meduium-sized cities: how to define them. Finisterra, XXXVII(74), 101-128. https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis1592.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Estudos Geográficos