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Authors
Abstract(s)
O vírus West Nile (WNV) é um Flavivírus que se mantém na natureza em ciclos alternados de infeção, em aves e mosquitos hematófagos, principalmente do género Culex. A infeção natural já foi demonstrada em mais de 200 espécies de aves, sendo que a suscetibilidade à infeção e à doença variam amplamente (1). O período de incubação da infeção por WNV ocorre, normalmente entre três e quinze dias após a picada do mosquito vetor. Cerca de 80% das infeções humanas por WNV são assintomáticas, nas restantes pode haver uma síndrome febril com início súbito durante dois a cinco dias, com cefaleias, mialgias, mal-estar, náuseas e vómitos, por vezes com exantema maculopapular ou roseolar ou doença neurotrópica em cerca de 1% dos casos. (2)
O presente trabalho representa uma pesquisa da literatura científica existente sobre o vírus neurotrópico West Nile, associando a caracterização da infeção causada pelo vírus com o papel do próprio vetor artrópode e a sua caracterização/identificação laboratorial, enfatizando os aspetos mais atuais em termos epidemiológicos relacionados com este tema.
Deste modo, a presente Monografia assume como principais objetivos:
- Reconhecer e relacionar os aspetos ambientais e ecológicos na disseminação da infeção viral;
- Determinar a etiologia e patogénese do vírus West Nile;
- Expor os principais aspetos epidemiológicos associados ao vírus e a sua importância no conhecimento da distribuição da doença a nível nacional e mundial;
- Descrever os principais métodos de diagnóstico laboratorial da doença e de que forma constituem uma mais-valia para o domínio da transmissão do vírus;
- Explanar os principais meios de controlo do vetor e as formas de prevenção de transmissão da infeção.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a Flavivirus that remains in the wild in alternating cycles of infection, in birds and hematophagous mosquitoes, mainly of the genus Culex. Natural infection occurs in 200 species of birds, with a susceptibility to infection and variable disease (1). The incubation period of the WNV infusion varies, usually between three and fifteen days after a mosquito bite. Approximately 80% of human WNV infections are asymptomatic, but they may have a febrile syndrome with a sudden onset of two days, with headache, myalgia, malaise, nausea and vomiting, sometimes with maculopapular or roseolar rash or neurotropic disease in about 1% of cases. (2) The present work summarizes the existing scientific research on the West Nile neurotropic virus, conjoining the characterization of the disease caused by the virus and the role of the vector itself and its laboratory characterization/identification, emphasizing the epidemiological aspects. The present Monograph assumes as main objectives: - Recognize and relate environmental and ecological aspects in the dissemination of viral disease; - To determine an etiology and pathogenesis of West Nile virus; - To present the main epidemiological aspects associated with the virus and its importance in the knowledge of the distribution of the disease at national and world level; - Describe the main methods of laboratory diagnosis of the disease and how they constitute a greater value for the field of virus transmission; - Clarify the main means of vector control and how to prevent transmission of the disease.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a Flavivirus that remains in the wild in alternating cycles of infection, in birds and hematophagous mosquitoes, mainly of the genus Culex. Natural infection occurs in 200 species of birds, with a susceptibility to infection and variable disease (1). The incubation period of the WNV infusion varies, usually between three and fifteen days after a mosquito bite. Approximately 80% of human WNV infections are asymptomatic, but they may have a febrile syndrome with a sudden onset of two days, with headache, myalgia, malaise, nausea and vomiting, sometimes with maculopapular or roseolar rash or neurotropic disease in about 1% of cases. (2) The present work summarizes the existing scientific research on the West Nile neurotropic virus, conjoining the characterization of the disease caused by the virus and the role of the vector itself and its laboratory characterization/identification, emphasizing the epidemiological aspects. The present Monograph assumes as main objectives: - Recognize and relate environmental and ecological aspects in the dissemination of viral disease; - To determine an etiology and pathogenesis of West Nile virus; - To present the main epidemiological aspects associated with the virus and its importance in the knowledge of the distribution of the disease at national and world level; - Describe the main methods of laboratory diagnosis of the disease and how they constitute a greater value for the field of virus transmission; - Clarify the main means of vector control and how to prevent transmission of the disease.
Description
Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Análises Clínicas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017
Keywords
West Nile Vírus neurotrópico Mosquito Culex Infeção viral Diagnóstico laboratorial Tese de mestrado - 2017