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Preto and negro, pardo, mestiço and mulato
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The words that designate the darkest colour, negro and preto, which are defined either in terms of the absence of light or the fusion of all colours, have been present in the Portuguese language since the thirteenth century. Indeed, it is easy to understand how a colour that absorbs rather than reflects beams of light has become an obvious metaphor for all that is dark and sad, whereas branco (white) has become the symbol of happiness and purity. When we consider the labelling of skin colour, black also presents itself as a contrast to white. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of skin tone, the Portuguese language soon found itself having to search for new lexicon in order to fill the gaps in colour terminology. In this paper, I will attempt to identify the ways by which try these new words have emerged from pre-‐existing concepts, using online corpora to analyse such meanings and in doing so, outline the semantic history of preto, negro, pardo, mestiço and mulato.
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Cardeira, Esperança (2016): Preto e negro, pardo, mestiço e mulato, in Silvestre, J. P., E. Cardeira & Alina Villalva (eds.), Colour And Colour Naming: Crosslinguistic Approaches, Lisboa: CLUL- UAveiro, 71-87.