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Consumo de sistemas de climatização para carros elétricos com sistema fotovoltaico integrado
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A introdução de veículos elétricos no setor dos transportes está cada vez mais a ser adotado, pois
contribui para a descarbonização, quando o seu carregamento é feito a partir de fontes renováveis.
O uso do sistema de climatização faz com que um veículo elétrico sofra uma redução de cerca de
20% a 40% da sua autonomia de acordo com o tempo da circulação. No entanto, uma solução
viável é a utilização de um sistema fotovoltaico integrado no veículo para a produção de energia,
capaz de colmatar as necessidades do sistema de climatização.
Neste projeto foram realizadas experiências com o objetivo de observar quais as estratégias ótimas
de estacionamento de um veículo com sistema fotovoltaico integrado exposto ao sol ou à sombra
e também quais as necessidades energéticas para o consumo de sistemas de climatização.
Após realizar as experiências verificou-se que as necessidades energéticas que o carro pode
precisar para ter um conforto térmico no seu interior, depende do local e a hora de estacionamento.
Estacionar o carro num local exposto ao sol e sem sombreamentos maximiza a produção de
energia elétrica a partir do sistema fotovoltaico integrado. Estacionar o carro o dia todo à sombra
ou num local que maior parte do dia não fica exposto ao sol, não seria uma boa opção, pois o PV
recebe baixas radiações e não será armazenado uma quantidade de energia considerável.
O estudo realizado permitiu concluir que é preciso ter em consideração se a energia que é
fornecida, será suficiente para o uso do arrefecimento do veículo, depois de estar várias horas
exposto ao sol e também para outros usos futuros, pois ao contrário, não será uma boa opção
deixar o carro a ser irradiado. Uma opção é estacionar o carro de manhã ao sol, sendo que o PV
recebe uma certa quantidade de radiação e à tarde estacionar à sombra. Outra opção seria: após
um período específico de estacionamento, durante os primeiros minutos de condução, poderia
abrir as janelas até a temperatura no interior do carro ficar aproximadamente ou igual a
temperatura exterior, assim ia gastar menos energia para o conforto térmico.
The introduction of electric vehicles in the transport sector is increasingly being adopted, as it contributes to decarbonization when this charging is done from renewable sources. The use of an air conditioning system makes an electric vehicle has a reduction of around 20% to 40% in its autonomy depending on its circulation time. However, a viable solution is the use of a photovoltaic system integrated into the vehicle roof to produce energy capable of combating the needs of the air conditioning system. In this project, experiments were carried out to observe the optimal parking strategies for a vehicle with an integrated photovoltaic system exposed to sun or shade and what the energy needs are for the consumption of the air conditioning system. After carrying out the experiments, it was found that the energy needs that the car may need to have thermal comfort inside, it depends on the place and time that it is parked. Parking the car in a place where it is exposed to the sun and there are no obstacles or shadows to prevent the radiation that hits the roof of the car, the integrated PV produces greater amounts of energy. Parking the car all day in the shade or in a place where it is not exposed to the sun most of the day would not be a good option, as the PV receives low radiation, and a considerable amount of energy will not be stored. The study carried out allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to consider whether the energy that is supplied, will be enough to use for cooling the vehicle, otherwise, it will not be a good option to leave the car irradiated. One option is parking the car in the morning in the sun, as the PV receives a certain amount of radiation, and in the afternoon park in the shade. Another option would be after a specific period of parking, during the first few minutes of driving, could open the windows until the temperature inside the car is approximately equal to the outside temperature, this way less energy would be used to provide thermal comfort.
The introduction of electric vehicles in the transport sector is increasingly being adopted, as it contributes to decarbonization when this charging is done from renewable sources. The use of an air conditioning system makes an electric vehicle has a reduction of around 20% to 40% in its autonomy depending on its circulation time. However, a viable solution is the use of a photovoltaic system integrated into the vehicle roof to produce energy capable of combating the needs of the air conditioning system. In this project, experiments were carried out to observe the optimal parking strategies for a vehicle with an integrated photovoltaic system exposed to sun or shade and what the energy needs are for the consumption of the air conditioning system. After carrying out the experiments, it was found that the energy needs that the car may need to have thermal comfort inside, it depends on the place and time that it is parked. Parking the car in a place where it is exposed to the sun and there are no obstacles or shadows to prevent the radiation that hits the roof of the car, the integrated PV produces greater amounts of energy. Parking the car all day in the shade or in a place where it is not exposed to the sun most of the day would not be a good option, as the PV receives low radiation, and a considerable amount of energy will not be stored. The study carried out allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to consider whether the energy that is supplied, will be enough to use for cooling the vehicle, otherwise, it will not be a good option to leave the car irradiated. One option is parking the car in the morning in the sun, as the PV receives a certain amount of radiation, and in the afternoon park in the shade. Another option would be after a specific period of parking, during the first few minutes of driving, could open the windows until the temperature inside the car is approximately equal to the outside temperature, this way less energy would be used to provide thermal comfort.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
VIPV Veículo elétrico Consumo de sistemas de climatização Recurso solar Radiação Teses de mestrado - 2024