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Ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisão fitotécnica num amendoal intensivo
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O sistema de produção do amendoal tem sofrido grandes alterações em Portugal, passando-se de um sistema essencialmente extensivo para um sistema intensivo. Este estudo tem como objetivos estabelecer as bases de um novo plano de fertilização adequado à produção intensiva de amêndoas, recorrendo à utilização de ferramentas de deteção remota para acompanhar o desempenho do amendoal ao longo do ciclo cultural e em resposta aos produtos ensaiados no plano de fertilização. Numa parcela com três variedades de amendoeira, ‘Belona’, ‘Soleta’ e ‘Vairo’, aplicou-se uma formulação orgânica líquida a acompanhar o fertilizante sólido de dissolução lenta, segundo 4 modalidades (prática do agricultor, 15%MO, +15% adubo sólido, -15% do mesmo adubo sólido), tendo-se avaliado o teor de nutrientes no solo e nas folhas das amendoeiras, o teor de clorofila nas folhas e a atividade biológica no solo (atividade desidrogenásica e crescimento de bactérias) ao longo do tempo, a produção em termos de rendimento total e de peso de miolo. Paralelamente, foram efetuados voos com drones para recolha de imagens para cálculo de índices de vegetação, nomeadamente NDVI e NDRE. Nenhuma das variáveis analisadas revelou qualquer influência da modalidade de fertilização, tendo-se observado que o teor de clorofila foi aumentando durante o ciclo cultural (de 13.08 a 17.38) e a atividade biológica refletiu as condições de humidade e temperatura (de 0.018 a 0.652). Em termos de variedades, a ‘Vairo’ foi a variedade mais produtiva em termos de rendimento total com 7793 kg/ha e de miolo total com 2289 kg/há. Os índices de vegetação analisados permitiram ter uma avaliação eficaz e expedita do estado vegetativo do amendoal, a uma macro escala, mas a sua utilização para fins mais detalhados precisa ainda de alguma otimização, pois não se verificou uma correspondência muito perfeita entre medições localizadas feitas no amendoal e os índices calculados.
The almond production system in Portugal has undergone significant changes, changing from an extensive to an intensive system. This study aims to establish the baseline of a new fertilization plan suitable for intensive almond production, using remote sensing tools to monitor almond performance throughout the crop cycle and in response to the products tested in the fertilization plan. In a plot with three almond varieties, 'Belona,' 'Soleta,' and 'Vairo', a liquid organic formulation was applied together with slow-release solid fertilizer, following four modalities (farmer's practice, 15% organic matter, +15% solid fertilizer, -15% of the same solid fertilizer). Nutrient content in soil and almond leaves, chlorophyll content in leaves, and biological activity in the soil (dehydrogenase activity and bacterial growth) were assessed during the crop cycle, as well as production in terms of total yield and kernel weight. In parallel, drone flights were conducted to capture images for calculating vegetation indices, namely NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDRE (Normalized Difference Red Edge). None of the analyzed variables demonstrated any influence from the fertilization modality. It was observed that chlorophyll content increased during the crop cycle (varying to 13.08 - 17.38), and biological activity reflected moisture and temperature conditions (varying from 0.018 to 0.652). Regarding varieties, 'Vairo' proved to be the most productive in terms of both total yield with 7793 kg/ha and total kernel weight with 2289 kg/ha. The analyzed vegetation indices allowed for an effective and expedient assessment of the vegetative almond orchard's overall condition at a macro scale. However, their use for more detailed purposes still requires some improvement, as there was not a perfect correspondence between localized measurements in the almond orchard and the calculated indices.
The almond production system in Portugal has undergone significant changes, changing from an extensive to an intensive system. This study aims to establish the baseline of a new fertilization plan suitable for intensive almond production, using remote sensing tools to monitor almond performance throughout the crop cycle and in response to the products tested in the fertilization plan. In a plot with three almond varieties, 'Belona,' 'Soleta,' and 'Vairo', a liquid organic formulation was applied together with slow-release solid fertilizer, following four modalities (farmer's practice, 15% organic matter, +15% solid fertilizer, -15% of the same solid fertilizer). Nutrient content in soil and almond leaves, chlorophyll content in leaves, and biological activity in the soil (dehydrogenase activity and bacterial growth) were assessed during the crop cycle, as well as production in terms of total yield and kernel weight. In parallel, drone flights were conducted to capture images for calculating vegetation indices, namely NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDRE (Normalized Difference Red Edge). None of the analyzed variables demonstrated any influence from the fertilization modality. It was observed that chlorophyll content increased during the crop cycle (varying to 13.08 - 17.38), and biological activity reflected moisture and temperature conditions (varying from 0.018 to 0.652). Regarding varieties, 'Vairo' proved to be the most productive in terms of both total yield with 7793 kg/ha and total kernel weight with 2289 kg/ha. The analyzed vegetation indices allowed for an effective and expedient assessment of the vegetative almond orchard's overall condition at a macro scale. However, their use for more detailed purposes still requires some improvement, as there was not a perfect correspondence between localized measurements in the almond orchard and the calculated indices.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica / Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
matéria orgânica fertilização Prunus dulcis azoto deteção remota organic matter fertilization nitrogen remote sensing
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Siqueira, M.C.C. Ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisão fitotécnica num amendoal intensivo. Lisboa: ISA, 2024, 72 p. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa