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Gentrificação turística e financeirização da habitação no centro histórico de Lisboa
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Lisboa está a viver um pico de projecção internacional enquanto destino turístico, ao mesmo tempo
que o seu mercado de habitação adquire formatos de activo financeiro e atrai dinâmicas globais
de procura e de investimento estrangeiro. Este processo foi alavancado por programas
governamentais e pela viragem neoliberal na política urbana, que fomentaram a atração de uma
elite transnacional e favoreceram a financeirização do imobiliário e a reestruturação urbana na
capital portuguesa. Assiste-se agora a uma gentrificação turística, mediante a transformação dos
bairros populares e históricos da cidade centro em locais de consumo e turismo, pela expansão
da função de recreação, lazer ou arrendamento de curta duração que começa a substituir
gradualmente as funções tradicionais da habitação para uso permanente, arrendamento a longo
prazo e o comércio local tradicional de proximidade, agravando tendências de desalojamento e
segregação residencial. Os bairros são esvaziados da sua população original ou impede-se a
população de baixo estatuto socio-económico de aceder à habitação nessas áreas, colocando em
risco a sustentabilidade social do centro histórico.
A gentrificação em Lisboa encontra-se hoje crescentemente associada a um fenómeno de
turistificação, em virtude da expansão do Alojamento Local, já que este segmento do alojamento
turístico desvia parte da oferta de habitações para uso turístico, especialmente nos bairros
históricos e diminui a oferta de habitação acessível, influenciando a subida dos preços de
habitação para arrendamento e para aquisição própria. Contudo, na verdade, a gentrificação em
Lisboa, na sua fase actual, é produto de um mercado de habitação e de arrendamento que
conhece fortes distorções e sobreaquecimento, num esforço de responder à procura imobiliária de
uma elite transnacional, como oportunidade lucrativa de especulação imobiliária e reprodução do
capital investido, num contexto de capitalismo neoliberal financeirizado.
Lisbon is experiencing a peak in international projection as a tourist destination, at the same time that its housing market acquires financial asset formats and attracts global dynamics of demand and foreign investment. This process was leveraged by government programs and the neoliberal turn in urban policy, which encouraged the attraction of a transnational elite and favored the financialization of real estate and urban restructuring. We are now witnessing a tourism gentrification, through the transformation of the popular and historic neighborhoods of the city center into places of consumption and tourism, through the expansion of the function of recreation, leisure or tourist accommodation / short term rental that is gradually beginning to replace the functions traditional housing for permanent use, long term rental and traditional local retail, aggravating trends of displacement and residential segregation. Neighborhoods are emptied of their original population or people with low socioeconomic status are prevented from accessing housing in these areas, putting the social sustainability of the historic center at risk. Gentrification in Lisbon is today increasingly associated with a touristification phenomenon, due to the expansion of short-term rental, as this segment of tourist accommodation diverts part of the supply of housing for tourist use, especially in historic neighborhoods and reduces the supply of affordable housing, influencing the rise in housing prices for rent and own purchase. However, in truth, gentrification in Lisbon, in its current phase, is the product of a housing and rental market that is experiencing strong distortions and overheating, in an effort to respond to the real estate demand of a transnational elite, as a lucrative opportunity for real estate speculation and reproduction of invested capital, in a context of financialized neoliberal capitalism.
Lisbon is experiencing a peak in international projection as a tourist destination, at the same time that its housing market acquires financial asset formats and attracts global dynamics of demand and foreign investment. This process was leveraged by government programs and the neoliberal turn in urban policy, which encouraged the attraction of a transnational elite and favored the financialization of real estate and urban restructuring. We are now witnessing a tourism gentrification, through the transformation of the popular and historic neighborhoods of the city center into places of consumption and tourism, through the expansion of the function of recreation, leisure or tourist accommodation / short term rental that is gradually beginning to replace the functions traditional housing for permanent use, long term rental and traditional local retail, aggravating trends of displacement and residential segregation. Neighborhoods are emptied of their original population or people with low socioeconomic status are prevented from accessing housing in these areas, putting the social sustainability of the historic center at risk. Gentrification in Lisbon is today increasingly associated with a touristification phenomenon, due to the expansion of short-term rental, as this segment of tourist accommodation diverts part of the supply of housing for tourist use, especially in historic neighborhoods and reduces the supply of affordable housing, influencing the rise in housing prices for rent and own purchase. However, in truth, gentrification in Lisbon, in its current phase, is the product of a housing and rental market that is experiencing strong distortions and overheating, in an effort to respond to the real estate demand of a transnational elite, as a lucrative opportunity for real estate speculation and reproduction of invested capital, in a context of financialized neoliberal capitalism.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gentrificação Turistificação Financeirização da Habitação Alojamento Local Políticas Urbanas Gentrification Touristification Financialization of Housing Short Term Rental Urban Policies