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Percursos de irregularidade : migrantes brasileiros na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa
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A migração para Portugal tem aumentado exponencialmente nos últimos anos e o fenómeno da migração irregular tem assumido um carácter estrutural no país ao longo do tempo, afetando também a migração brasileira contemporânea. Para tal, com este trabalho pretendeu-se identificar os percursos de "construção" e "desconstrução" da irregularidade vivida pelos migrantes brasileiros na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa. Para este estudo de caso utilizou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, recolhendo os dados para alcançar os objetivos de pesquisa através de 25 entrevistas semiestruturadas com migrantes brasileiros que se encontravam em situação irregular ou que tinham vivido este tipo de situação no seu percurso migratório, 5 entrevistas não estruturadas com representantes de associações que trabalham com migrantes, e através da observação de participantes que entraram em contacto principalmente com a Casa do Brasil de Lisboa. O período de referência da análise corresponde à quarta onda migratória brasileira (Fernandes et al., 2021), portanto só foram entrevistados migrantes brasileiros que entraram em Portugal entre 2015 e 2020. Os resultados obtidos permitiram determinar que a entrada em Portugal como turistas e a regularização sucessiva fazem parte do planeamento e estruturação do percurso de migração da maioria dos imigrantes brasileiros entrevistados. O recurso ao mercado de trabalho emergiu como a principal estratégia adotada por estes para regularizar o seu estatuto, embora tenham sido identificadas outras opções como a inscrição em cursos superiores e de formação em Portugal. A própria irregularidade do estatuto legal causa limitações em várias esferas da vida dos migrantes, especialmente no acesso aos principais direitos sociais e em particular aos direitos laborais, aos cuidados de saúde não emergenciais e às situações habitacionais que não sejam precárias e mantidas dentro da lógica do mercado informal. A rede de contatos, com destaque para familiares e conterrâneos, complementada com o recurso a novas relações estabelecidas no local de destino, desempenha um papel significativo tanto nas trajetórias de regularização como nas diferentes fases do percurso migratório.
Migration to Portugal has increased exponentially in recent years and irregular migration has become a structural character in the country over time, also affecting contemporary Brazilian migration. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the paths of "construction" and "deconstruction" of irregularity experienced by Brazilian migrants in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. For this case study a qualitative methodology was used, data was collected to achieve the research objectives through 25 semi-structured interviews with Brazilian migrants who were in an irregular situation or who had experienced this type of situation in their migratory trajectory, 5 non-structured interviews with representatives of migrant associations, and through the observation of participants who got in touch mainly with the Casa do Brasil in Lisbon. The reference period of the analysis corresponds to the fourth Brazilian migratory wave (Fernandes et al., 2021), so only Brazilian migrants who arrived in Portugal between 2015 and 2020 were interviewed. The results obtained allowed us to determine that entering in Portugal as tourists and the successive regularization are part of the planning and structuring of the migration paths of most of the Brazilian migrants interviewed. The use of the labour market emerged as the main strategy used by them to regularise their status, even though other options were identified, such as enrolling in higher education and training courses in Portugal. The irregularity of their legal status causes limitationsin various spheres of migrants' lives, especially in terms of access to the main social rights and to labour rights, non-emergency health care and housing situations that are mainly precarious and sustained by informal market dynamics. The social network, especially family members and compatriots, together with new relationships established in the place of destination, plays a significant role both in the regularisation trajectories and in the different steps of the migratory pathway.
Migration to Portugal has increased exponentially in recent years and irregular migration has become a structural character in the country over time, also affecting contemporary Brazilian migration. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the paths of "construction" and "deconstruction" of irregularity experienced by Brazilian migrants in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. For this case study a qualitative methodology was used, data was collected to achieve the research objectives through 25 semi-structured interviews with Brazilian migrants who were in an irregular situation or who had experienced this type of situation in their migratory trajectory, 5 non-structured interviews with representatives of migrant associations, and through the observation of participants who got in touch mainly with the Casa do Brasil in Lisbon. The reference period of the analysis corresponds to the fourth Brazilian migratory wave (Fernandes et al., 2021), so only Brazilian migrants who arrived in Portugal between 2015 and 2020 were interviewed. The results obtained allowed us to determine that entering in Portugal as tourists and the successive regularization are part of the planning and structuring of the migration paths of most of the Brazilian migrants interviewed. The use of the labour market emerged as the main strategy used by them to regularise their status, even though other options were identified, such as enrolling in higher education and training courses in Portugal. The irregularity of their legal status causes limitationsin various spheres of migrants' lives, especially in terms of access to the main social rights and to labour rights, non-emergency health care and housing situations that are mainly precarious and sustained by informal market dynamics. The social network, especially family members and compatriots, together with new relationships established in the place of destination, plays a significant role both in the regularisation trajectories and in the different steps of the migratory pathway.
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migração irregular migrantes irregulares percursos na irregularidade brasileiros Portugal Área Metropolitana de Lisboa irregular migration irregular migrants irregular pathways Brazilians Portugal Lisbon Metropolitan Area