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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Wheat is a dietary staple consumed worldwide strongly responsible for proteins
and carbohydrate population intake. However, wheat production and quality will
scarcely fulfill forward demands, which are compounded by high-temperature (HT)
events as heatwaves, increasingly common in Portugal. Thus, landraces assume
crucial importance as potential reservoirs of useful traits for wheat breeding and
may be pre-adapted to extreme environmental conditions. This work evaluates four
Portuguese landrace yield and grain composition through attenuated total reflection
Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, particularly protein content, and
their responses to HT treatment mimicking a heatwave. Landraces showed distinct yield
traits, especially plant height and first spike grain number, and a similar pattern in FTIR
spectra, although revealing differences in grain components’ proportions. Comparison
between spectra band intensity indicates that Ardito has the highest protein-related
peaks, contrary to Magueija, which appears to be the landrace with higher lipid content.
In plants submitted to 1 week of HT treatment 10 days after anthesis, the first spike grain
size and weight were markedly reduced in all landraces. Additionally, it was observed
that a general increase in grain protein content in the four landraces, being the increment
observed in Ardito and Grécia, is statistically significant. The comparative assessment
of control and HT average FTIR spectra denoted also the occurrence of alterations
in grain polysaccharide composition. An integrated assessment of the evaluations
performed revealed that Ardito and Magueija landraces presented diverse yield-related
characteristics and distinct responses to cope with HT. In fact, the former landrace
revealed considerable grain yield diminution along with an increase in grain protein
proportion after HT, while the latter showed a significant increase in spikes and grain
number, with grain quality detriment. These results reinforce the relevance of scrutinizing
old genotype diversity seeking for useful characteristics, particularly considering HT
impact on grain production and quality
Description
Original Research
Keywords
bread wheat landraces heatwave yield grain composition protein content
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Tomás D, Coelho LP, Rodrigues JC, Viegas W and Silva M (2020) Assessment of Four Portuguese Wheat Landrace Diversity to Cope With Global Warming. Front. Plant Sci. 11:594977
Publisher
Frontiers in Plant Science