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Abstract(s)
De modo a gerir a escassez de recursos hídricos devidos à variabilidade climática, nomeadamente as secas, é necessário priorizar o uso eficiente da rega. Para tal, são necessários sistemas de rega bem projetados e geridos, assim como uma condução adequada da rega, ou seja, adequar os volumes e os calendários às necessidades das culturas.
Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o impacto de três estratégias de rega na produção e no crescimento vegetativo de um amendoal intensivo cv. Belona com 4 anos localizado na região do Fundão. As estratégias de rega foram desenhadas com o objetivo de poupança de água e de modo a minimizar as perdas de produção. Assim, as estratégias desenhadas, e implementados em setores distintos, foram: 1) rega para suprir as necessidades hídricas do pomar, aplicando-se 100% da evapotranspiração cultural (ETc) (controlo); 2) rega para suprir as necessidades de água durante os períodos em que a cultura é mais sensível ao stress hídrico ou seja até à fase de endurecimento da casca (fase IV do desenvolvimento da amendoeira) e a partir desta fase até á colheita foi aplicada água correspondente a 70% da ETc (rega deficitária controlada, RDI); 3) rega que repõe 70% das necessidades da cultura durante todo o seu ciclo (rega deficitária convencional, SDI). Estimou-se, através dos dados de um programador de rega AGRÓNIC, que foram aplicadas, 279,2 mm, 247,7 mm e 210,9 mm, respetivamente no controlo, RDI e SDI.
Foram monitorizadas e analisadas várias características agronómicas, tendo-se observado que as árvores da estratégia SDI relativamente ao controlo apresentaram um número de flores por metro linear e um número de amêndoas por ramo mais elevado de 67% e 89%, respetivamente. No caso da RDI os valores destas características em relação ao controlo foram superiores em 50% e 57% respetivamente. Embora não se verificassem diferenças estaticamente significativas (p> 0,05), a estratégia RDI foi a que apresentou uma produção de miolo por hectare superior às outras estratégias, em particular a SDI (1289,6 kg ha-1 e 1203,2 kg ha-1, respetivamente), tendo sido concluído que é a estratégia mais adequada.
In order to cope with water resources scarcity as influenced by climate variability and drought, priority must be given to the efficient use of irrigation water. This requires well-designed and well-managed irrigation systems, as well as an adequate irrigation scheduling, e.g. adjusting water depths and schedules to the crops water requirements. In the current work, the impact of three irrigation strategies on the production and vegetative growth was evaluated on a 4 years old intensive almond orchard of the cv. Belona located in the Fundão region. Three irrigation scheduling strategies were designed aim at water savings while controlling yield losses. Thus, the strategies designed and implemented in different sectors were: 1) irrigation to suppress the water needs of the orchard, applying 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (control); 2) irrigation to supply water needs during the periods when the crop is more sensitive to water stress, i.e. up to the stage of hardening of the shell (stage IV of the development of the almond tree) and from this stage until the harvest, water was applied corresponding to 70% of ETc (controlled deficit irrigation, RDI); 3) irrigation that replaces 70% of the crop's water needs throughout its cycle (conventional deficit irrigation, SDI). Seasonal irrigation water was estimated, through data from an AGRONIC irrigation programmer, that 279.2 mm, 247.7 mm and 210.9 mm were applied, respectively in the control, RDI and SDI. Several agronomic characteristics were monitored and analyzed, and it was observed that the trees of the SDI strategies presented a higher number of flowers per linear meter and a higher number of almonds per branch relative to the control of 67% and 89% respectively. The RDI presented relative to the control an increase respectively of 50% and 57%. Although not statistically significant (p>0.05), the RDI strategy was the one that showed a higher kernel production per hectare than the other strategies, in particular the SDI (1289.6 kg ha-1 and 1203.2 kg ha-1, respectively). Thus, RDI was considered the most promising strategy.
In order to cope with water resources scarcity as influenced by climate variability and drought, priority must be given to the efficient use of irrigation water. This requires well-designed and well-managed irrigation systems, as well as an adequate irrigation scheduling, e.g. adjusting water depths and schedules to the crops water requirements. In the current work, the impact of three irrigation strategies on the production and vegetative growth was evaluated on a 4 years old intensive almond orchard of the cv. Belona located in the Fundão region. Three irrigation scheduling strategies were designed aim at water savings while controlling yield losses. Thus, the strategies designed and implemented in different sectors were: 1) irrigation to suppress the water needs of the orchard, applying 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (control); 2) irrigation to supply water needs during the periods when the crop is more sensitive to water stress, i.e. up to the stage of hardening of the shell (stage IV of the development of the almond tree) and from this stage until the harvest, water was applied corresponding to 70% of ETc (controlled deficit irrigation, RDI); 3) irrigation that replaces 70% of the crop's water needs throughout its cycle (conventional deficit irrigation, SDI). Seasonal irrigation water was estimated, through data from an AGRONIC irrigation programmer, that 279.2 mm, 247.7 mm and 210.9 mm were applied, respectively in the control, RDI and SDI. Several agronomic characteristics were monitored and analyzed, and it was observed that the trees of the SDI strategies presented a higher number of flowers per linear meter and a higher number of almonds per branch relative to the control of 67% and 89% respectively. The RDI presented relative to the control an increase respectively of 50% and 57%. Although not statistically significant (p>0.05), the RDI strategy was the one that showed a higher kernel production per hectare than the other strategies, in particular the SDI (1289.6 kg ha-1 and 1203.2 kg ha-1, respectively). Thus, RDI was considered the most promising strategy.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Keywords
amendoeira crescimento vegetativo produção RDI SDI almond vegetative growth yield
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Pathé, M.S.B.T. Caracterização agronómica da amendoeira cv. Belona num sistema de condução intensivo sob três estratégias de rega. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2022. Dissertação de Mestrado
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa