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Esta dissertação intitulada ‘Determinação de níveis de referência de diagnóstico nas aplicações médicas com radiação ionizante’ é realizada no contexto da proteção radiológica no domínio do diagnóstico médico de pacientes. O cálculo de níveis de referência de diagnóstico (NRDs) resulta da necessidade de se estabelecerem valores indicativos de dose. Esta não é uma limitação de dose, mas sim um indicador que tem por base a avaliação contínua de técnicas e de equipamentos utilizados no diagnóstico através de exames que usam raios-X, um tipo de radiação ionizante. Esta tese compreende um vasto estudo sobre dois dos exames mais realizados em Portugal com recurso a radiação ionizante: radiografia ao tórax e ao abdómen. O objetivo desta tese é o cálculo de NRDs para exames de radiografia ao abdómen e ao tórax realizados entre 2012 e 2015 em diferentes localidades do Algarve. Para este estudo foram considerados apenas os exames realizados em pacientes adultos, num total de aproximadamente quarenta e seis mil exames. É apresentada uma análise da evolução temporal da frequência dos exames em função do sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e localidade. Para além desta análise é ainda feito um estudo da dose média administrada por técnico e por localidade para o mesmo tipo de exame. Os NRDs são usualmente calculados tendo por base um paciente padrão, definido pelo seu peso. Nesta dissertação é apresentada também uma variante deste cálculo onde o NRD é calculado tendo em consideração escalões de IMC, ou seja, atendendo ao peso e altura do paciente. Concluiu-se que os valores de NRD calculados por grupo de IMC em comparação com os calculados para um paciente padrão são mais baixos para o paciente de baixo peso e de peso normal. Para os restantes grupos de IMC o NRD calculado é mais alto.
The present thesis, entitled ‘Establishment of diagnostic reference levels in medical applications with ionizing radiation’, was developed in the context of radiation protection in the field of patient medical diagnosis. The calculation of diagnostic reference levels (DRL’s) results from the need to establish dose limits as recommendation values, as stated by the third principle of radiation protection. This is not a dose limitation, but an indicator based on a continuous evaluation of techniques and equipment used in diagnosis through radiographic examinations, which is a type of ionizing radiation. The aim of this thesis is to calculate DRL’s for abdomen and thorax X-Ray examinations that occurred between 2012 and 2015 in different locations of Algarve. The study considers exams performed in adult patients only, totalizing approximately forty-six thousand examinations. Furthermore, an analysis of the temporal evolution of the exams frequency as function of gender, body mass index (BMI) and location is presented. In addition, the average dose per exam, of the same type, administered by each technician and in each location is discussed. The DRL’s are usually calculated based on a standard patient, defined by her or his weight. In this thesis, a variation of this calculation is also presented, in which the DRL is computed taking into account steps of BMI, that is based on the patient’s weight and height. In conclusion, the DRL values calculated per BMI groups are lower for underweight patients and normal weight patients in comparison to the ones calculated for padrão patients. For the remaining BMI groups higher DRL’s values are obtained.
The present thesis, entitled ‘Establishment of diagnostic reference levels in medical applications with ionizing radiation’, was developed in the context of radiation protection in the field of patient medical diagnosis. The calculation of diagnostic reference levels (DRL’s) results from the need to establish dose limits as recommendation values, as stated by the third principle of radiation protection. This is not a dose limitation, but an indicator based on a continuous evaluation of techniques and equipment used in diagnosis through radiographic examinations, which is a type of ionizing radiation. The aim of this thesis is to calculate DRL’s for abdomen and thorax X-Ray examinations that occurred between 2012 and 2015 in different locations of Algarve. The study considers exams performed in adult patients only, totalizing approximately forty-six thousand examinations. Furthermore, an analysis of the temporal evolution of the exams frequency as function of gender, body mass index (BMI) and location is presented. In addition, the average dose per exam, of the same type, administered by each technician and in each location is discussed. The DRL’s are usually calculated based on a standard patient, defined by her or his weight. In this thesis, a variation of this calculation is also presented, in which the DRL is computed taking into account steps of BMI, that is based on the patient’s weight and height. In conclusion, the DRL values calculated per BMI groups are lower for underweight patients and normal weight patients in comparison to the ones calculated for padrão patients. For the remaining BMI groups higher DRL’s values are obtained.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Física, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2021
Palavras-chave
Proteção Radiológica Radiação ionizante Níveis de Referência de Diagnóstico Radiografia Tomografia Computacional Teses de mestrado - 2021
