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Políticas de Proteção Social, Direitos Humanos e Deficiência: Um Estudo Comparativo entre Marrocos e a Tunísia
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Sustentando-se num paradigma de direitos humanos aplicado à deficiência e reconhecendo a relação complexa entre deficiência, pobreza e exclusão social (Banks et al., 2017; Mitra, Palmer, Kim, Mont, & Groce, 2017; Palmer, 2011, 2013), a Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência (CDPD), estabelece uma orientação normativa para políticas de proteção social inclusivas. Apoiando-se numa análise legislativa, entrevistas semiestruturadas e inquéritos por questionário aplicados a pessoas com deficiência (N=120) em Marrocos e na Tunisia, este estudo procurou analisar se, e de que modo, essa orientação normativa foi difundida e traduzida em compromissos de princípio, políticas e práticas, nestes países, e identificar fatores explicativos para os padrões encontrados. Os resultados revelam a apropriação de um discurso de direitos humanos e reforço dos compromissos com proteção social, mas também ambivalências na tradução desta norma no plano das políticas, que resultam numa amálgama de medidas sustentadas em diferentes quadros normativos, em ambos os países. São identificados constrangimentos no desenho e implementação das políticas, incluindo ao nível dos serviços de primeira linha, que resultam em práticas contrárias à norma de proteção social da CDPD. Face a estas barreiras, os resultados apontam que o ónus pela provisão de uma rede básica de proteção social continua a recair sobre as famílias. Desta pesquisa derivam recomendações para as políticas de proteção social nestes países, mas também recomendações mais latas para a análise comparativa de políticas de proteção social, sobretudo em países do Sul Global que enfrentem desafios semelhantes na transição para um modelo de proteção social inclusiva. Com base nos resultados, sugere-se que uma análise guiada por estes compromissos de direitos humanos tem a beneficiar de uma avaliação integrada de processos e resultados e que considere, a par do efeito das políticas na desmercadorização, os seus efeitos de desclientelização, desfamiliarização e emancipação.
Drawing on a human rights approach to disability, and recognizing the complex relationship between disability, poverty and social exclusion (Banks et al., 2017; Mitra et al., 2017; Palmer, 2011, 2013), the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), establishes a norm for disability-inclusive social protection. Through an analysis of laws, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with persons with disabilities (N=120) in Morocco and Tunisia, this study aimed to analyse if, and how, this norm was diffused and translated into political commitments, policies and practices, in these countries, and identify factors that sustained these patterns. The results reveal an appropriation of a rights-based discourse and reinforcement of social protection commitments, but also ambivalence in the translation of this norm on policy level, resulting in layering of measures sustained in different normative frameworks, in both countries. Constraints related to policy design and implementation were identified, including on the street-level, which contribute to practices noncompliant with CRPD’s social protection norm. In light of these barriers, families remain the key providers for persons with disabilities. Drawing on these results, recommendations for social protection policies in both countries are issued, as well as wider recommendations for comparative analysis of social protection policies, particularly in countries from the Global South faced with similar challenges in transitioning to an inclusive social protection model. In light of the results, it is suggested that research guided by a rightsbased approach should benefit from an integrated analysis of processes and results, and which considers not only the effects of policies on decommodification, but also on declientelization, defamilization, and emancipation.
Drawing on a human rights approach to disability, and recognizing the complex relationship between disability, poverty and social exclusion (Banks et al., 2017; Mitra et al., 2017; Palmer, 2011, 2013), the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), establishes a norm for disability-inclusive social protection. Through an analysis of laws, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with persons with disabilities (N=120) in Morocco and Tunisia, this study aimed to analyse if, and how, this norm was diffused and translated into political commitments, policies and practices, in these countries, and identify factors that sustained these patterns. The results reveal an appropriation of a rights-based discourse and reinforcement of social protection commitments, but also ambivalence in the translation of this norm on policy level, resulting in layering of measures sustained in different normative frameworks, in both countries. Constraints related to policy design and implementation were identified, including on the street-level, which contribute to practices noncompliant with CRPD’s social protection norm. In light of these barriers, families remain the key providers for persons with disabilities. Drawing on these results, recommendations for social protection policies in both countries are issued, as well as wider recommendations for comparative analysis of social protection policies, particularly in countries from the Global South faced with similar challenges in transitioning to an inclusive social protection model. In light of the results, it is suggested that research guided by a rightsbased approach should benefit from an integrated analysis of processes and results, and which considers not only the effects of policies on decommodification, but also on declientelization, defamilization, and emancipation.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Política Social
Palavras-chave
Deficiência Direitos humanos Proteção social Marrocos e Tunísia Política Social comparada Difusão de políticas Disability Human rights Social protection Morocco and Tunisia Comparative Social Policy Policy diffusion
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas