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Avaliação do impacto da introdução de cargas auxiliares na autonomia de veículos elétricos
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Resumo(s)
A mobilidade elétrica oferece a possibilidade de reduzir as necessidades petrolíferas no setor dos transportes. Na realidade, estudos comprovam que a alteração de veículos movidos a combustíveis fosseis para veículos híbridos ou elétricos, conduziria a uma menor dependência petrolífera assim como a um menor nível de agentes poluentes. Para tal, é necessário o desenvolvimento de investigação no sentido de aumentar a capacidade das baterias, melhorando a autonomia dos veículos elétricos em situações reais. Utilizando o software de simulação de consumo energético e emissões de veículos ADVISOR – ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR, foi desenvolvido um veículo elétrico com características semelhantes ao do Nissan Leaf 2013. Após a calibração do veículo, foram realizados testes visando determinar a influência da temperatura exterior e do ar condicionado na autonomia e consumo do veículo elétrico. As simulações desenvolvidas consideraram diversos ciclos de condução europeus e americanos, entre eles, o New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), o World harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WTLP), o Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SC03), o Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06), o Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) e o Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os resultados publicados na literatura e concluíram que, a variação da temperatura exterior não é um fator determinante na diminuição da autonomia e no aumento do consumo energético, influenciando-o apenas entre, aproximadamente, 1% a 3%. No entanto, verificou-se que após a introdução de cargas auxiliares extras, como ar condicionado, a autonomia reduz consideravelmente, entre os 20% e os 44%, dependendo do ciclo de condução. As diferenças encontradas neste estudo foram superiores no caso dos ciclos urbanos. O novo ciclo europeu recentemente introduzido, WLTP, registou valores inferiores no decréscimo da autonomia e aumento do consumo energético em relação ao ciclo atualmente utilizado, o NEDC.
Electrical mobility offers the possibility of reducing oil needs in the transport sector. In fact, studies have shown that the change of vehicles powered by fossil fuels for hybrid or electric vehicles would lead to less oil dependence as well as a lower level of pollutants. To do this, research needs to be done to increase the capacity of the batteries by improving the range of these electric vehicles in real life situations. Using a vehicle emission and energy simulation software, ADVISOR – Advanced VehIcle SimulatOR, an electric vehicle with similar characteristics to the Nissan Leaf 2013 was developed. After the calibration of the vehicle, tests were carried out to determine the influence of temperature and air conditioning on the range and consumption of the vehicle created. These tests considered several European and American driving cycles, including the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the World Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedures (WTLP), the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SC03), the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06), the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule UDDS) and the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET). The results obtained were compared with the published results in the literature and it was concluded that, the temperature variation of the external temperature is not a determinant factor in the reduction of the range of the vehicle, influencing it only between approximately 1% to 3%. However, it was determined that after the introduction of extra auxiliary loads the range of the vehicle reduced considerably, between 20% and 44% depending on the driving cycle. The differences found were higher in the case of urban cycles. The new European cycle to be introduced, WLTP, registered lower values in the decrease of the range and in the increase of the energy consumption in relation to the cycle currently used, the NEDC.
Electrical mobility offers the possibility of reducing oil needs in the transport sector. In fact, studies have shown that the change of vehicles powered by fossil fuels for hybrid or electric vehicles would lead to less oil dependence as well as a lower level of pollutants. To do this, research needs to be done to increase the capacity of the batteries by improving the range of these electric vehicles in real life situations. Using a vehicle emission and energy simulation software, ADVISOR – Advanced VehIcle SimulatOR, an electric vehicle with similar characteristics to the Nissan Leaf 2013 was developed. After the calibration of the vehicle, tests were carried out to determine the influence of temperature and air conditioning on the range and consumption of the vehicle created. These tests considered several European and American driving cycles, including the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the World Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedures (WTLP), the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SC03), the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06), the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule UDDS) and the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET). The results obtained were compared with the published results in the literature and it was concluded that, the temperature variation of the external temperature is not a determinant factor in the reduction of the range of the vehicle, influencing it only between approximately 1% to 3%. However, it was determined that after the introduction of extra auxiliary loads the range of the vehicle reduced considerably, between 20% and 44% depending on the driving cycle. The differences found were higher in the case of urban cycles. The new European cycle to be introduced, WLTP, registered lower values in the decrease of the range and in the increase of the energy consumption in relation to the cycle currently used, the NEDC.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2018
Palavras-chave
Veículos elétricos Ar condicionado Autonomia ADVISOR Teses de mestrado - 2018