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Avaliação da presença de microplásticos e poluentes emergentes em espécies de peixe com valor comercial na Região Autónoma da Madeira
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Nos últimos anos, o interesse científico nos microplásticos (MP) e nos poluentes emergentes (PEM) tem
vindo a aumentar. Considerando a escassez de informação existente sobre este tema em espécies de
peixes de interesse comercial no Arquipélago da Madeira, foi analisada a presença de MP e PEM em
264 exemplares de quatro espécies (n=66/espécie), entre 2020 e 2021: cavala (Scomber colias), gaiado
(Katsuwonus pelamis), pargo (Pagrus pagrus) e peixe-espada-preto (Aphanopus carbo). De entre o total
de exemplares analisados, 240 foram utilizados para pesquisa de MP no trato gastrointestinal e 24 para
pesquisa de PEM no fígado, gónadas e músculo. Os resultados revelaram a presença de 319 potenciais
MP em 2020 (P=53%), e um total de 224 potenciais MP em 2021 (P=77%). Em ambos os anos, o peixeespada-preto apresentou o maior número de partículas por indivíduo (7,46 em 2020 e 2,70 em 2021) e
a maior prevalência (93% em 2020 e 100% em 2021), com diferenças significativas em 2020, em relação
às restantes espécies. Em 2021, o gaiado foi a espécie que apresentou um número de potenciais MP
significativamente inferior (n=25), relativamente às outras espécies. A forma mais comum de MP em
ambos os anos foi a das fibras, tendo apresentado diferenças significativas no total dos dois anos, quando
comparadas com as restantes categorias de forma. Em 2020, a cor mais frequente (P=52%) foi a cor
“transparente/branco”, enquanto em 2021, a cor mais frequente foi o azul (P=67%). No que refere aos
PEM, foi encontrado octocrileno em todos os tecidos das quatro espécies analisadas. Os estabilizadores
foram encontrados num menor número de amostras e em menor quantidade. O presente estudo
confirmou a presença e ampla distribuição de MP, filtros e estabilizadores em diferentes espécies de
peixes, incluindo o peixe-espada-preto, no qual se detetaram pela primeira vez, MP e filtros e
estabilizadores UV.
In recent years, scientific interest in microplastics (MP) and emerging pollutants (EP) has been increasing. Considering the scarcity of existing information on this subject in fish species of commercial interest in the Madeira Archipelago, the presence of MP and EP was analyzed in 264 specimens of four species (n=66/species) between 2020 and 2021: mackerel (Scomber colias), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), red snapper (Pagrus pagrus) and black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo). Of the total number of specimens analysed, 240 were used to test for MP in the gastrointestinal tract and 24 to test for EP in the liver, gonads and muscle. The results revealed the presence of 319 potential MP in 2020 (P=53%), and a total of 224 potential MP in 2021 (P=77%). In both years, black scabbardfish had the highest number of particles per individual (7.46 in 2020 and 2.70 in 2021) and the highest prevalence (93% in 2020 and 100% in 2021), with significant differences in 2020 compared to the other species. In 2021, the skipjack tuna was the species with a significantly lower number of potential PM (n=25) than the other species. The most common form of MP in both years was fibers, with significant differences in both years when compared to the other shape categories. In 2020, the most frequent color (P=52%) was "transparent/white", while in 2021, the most frequent color was blue (P=67%). Regarding the EP, octocrylene was found in all the tissues of the four species analyzed. Stabilizers were found in fewer samples and in smaller quantities. This study confirmed the presence and wide distribution of MP, filters and stabilizers in different fish species, including black scabbardfish, in which MP and UV filters and stabilizers were detected for the first time.
In recent years, scientific interest in microplastics (MP) and emerging pollutants (EP) has been increasing. Considering the scarcity of existing information on this subject in fish species of commercial interest in the Madeira Archipelago, the presence of MP and EP was analyzed in 264 specimens of four species (n=66/species) between 2020 and 2021: mackerel (Scomber colias), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), red snapper (Pagrus pagrus) and black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo). Of the total number of specimens analysed, 240 were used to test for MP in the gastrointestinal tract and 24 to test for EP in the liver, gonads and muscle. The results revealed the presence of 319 potential MP in 2020 (P=53%), and a total of 224 potential MP in 2021 (P=77%). In both years, black scabbardfish had the highest number of particles per individual (7.46 in 2020 and 2.70 in 2021) and the highest prevalence (93% in 2020 and 100% in 2021), with significant differences in 2020 compared to the other species. In 2021, the skipjack tuna was the species with a significantly lower number of potential PM (n=25) than the other species. The most common form of MP in both years was fibers, with significant differences in both years when compared to the other shape categories. In 2020, the most frequent color (P=52%) was "transparent/white", while in 2021, the most frequent color was blue (P=67%). Regarding the EP, octocrylene was found in all the tissues of the four species analyzed. Stabilizers were found in fewer samples and in smaller quantities. This study confirmed the presence and wide distribution of MP, filters and stabilizers in different fish species, including black scabbardfish, in which MP and UV filters and stabilizers were detected for the first time.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Ecologia Marinha, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Microplásticos Filtros e Estabilizadores UV Espécies de peixe comerciais Arquipélago da Madeira Teses de mestrado - 2024