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Imagination Reduces False Memories for Everyday Action Sentences: Evidence From Pragmatic Inferences
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Human memory can be unreliable, and when reading a sentence with a pragmatic
implication, such as “the karate champion hit the cinder block,” people often falsely
remember that the karate champion “broke” the cinder block. Yet, research has shown
that encoding instructions affect the false memories we form. On the one hand, instructing
participants to imagine themselves manipulating the to-be-recalled items increase false
memories (imagination inflation effect). But on the other hand, instructions to imagine
have reduced false memories in the DRM paradigm (imagination facilitation effect). Here,
we explored the effect of imaginal encoding with pragmatic inferences, a way to study
false memories for information about everyday actions. Across two experiments,
we manipulated imaginal encoding through the instructions given to participants and the
after-item filler task (none vs. math operations). In Experiment 1, participants were either
assigned to the encoding condition of imagine + no filler; pay attention + math; or
memorize+math. In Experiment 2, the encoding instructions (imagine vs. memorize) and
the filler task (none vs. math) were compared across four separate conditions. Results
from the two experiments showed that imagination instructions lead to better memory,
by showing a higher proportion of correct responses and better performance in a memory
benefit index. Similarly, a significant reduction of false memories was observed across
both experiments, even though a complementary Bayesian analysis only supported this
conclusion for Experiment 1. The findings show that imaginal encoding improves memory,
suggesting the engagement of a distinctiveness heuristic and source-monitoring process.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
False memories Pragmatic inferences Imagination Retrieval Memory
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Maraver, M. J., Lapa, A., Garcia-Marques, L., Carneiro, P., & Raposo, A. (2021). Imagination reduces false memories for everyday action sentences: Evidence from pragmatic inferences. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 668899. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668899