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Gestão da segurança no turismo de aventura em Portugal
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Resumo(s)
O desenvolvimento turístico associado à procura de atividades na natureza e de aventura reflete a evolução das motivações e comportamentos dos turistas em termos do interesse crescente por práticas turísticas ativas, desafiantes e emotivas. O turismo na natureza está fortemente representado no subsetor da animação turística, tendo normalmente associadas componentes de fruição, de observação e de prática de atividade física. O turismo de aventura está intimamente ligado ao turismo na natureza e inclui diversas atividades que proporcionam a exposição a ambientes e situações desafiadoras e emocionantes, muitas delas atualmente designadas por atividades de risco acrescido. Se praticadas com um enquadramento adequado, gerindo adequadamente os diversos perigos e fatores de risco, gerais e específicos das atividades, são asseguradas as desejáveis condições de segurança. A prestação de serviços de animação turística deve ser pautada por uma atuação em que seja dada prioridade às questões da segurança e gestão do risco, particularmente nas atividades de risco acrescido, decorrente das características das atividades e de fatores associados ao meio, às técnicas, aos equipamentos e aos intervenientes. Assim, a sustentabilidade do subsetor, face à crescente procura destes produtos de animação turística, torna recomendável a implementação de medidas de gestão da segurança, aplicadas pelos promotores de atividades de aventura, nomeadamente as empresas de animação turística. A gestão da segurança no turismo de aventura é o foco desta investigação. A atuação das empresas de animação turística é fundamental para a promoção da segurança das atividades de turismo de aventura, tanto para os participantes, como para os técnicos, devendo estas assumir uma atitude preventiva, pois a segurança dos participantes é um dos requisitos essenciais para a qualidade do serviço e, em caso de acidente, poderá ser difícil evitar os efeitos negativos ao nível da imagem e de mercado. Contudo, o envolvimento de outros stakeholders, como as entidades responsáveis pela regulamentação do subsetor, pela resposta em emergência ou seguradoras, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de segurança no turismo de aventura. Esta investigação aborda as práticas de gestão da segurança no turismo de aventura em Portugal, atendendo à perspetiva das empresas de animação turística e de outros stakeholders com intervenção nesta área. Propõe-se uma abordagem global para a gestão da segurança, sustentada nas necessidades consideradas mais importantes para a gestão do risco, em inquirição aos principais stakeholders, e nas oportunidades de atuação consideradas essenciais para a melhoria contínua e eficaz da segurança de técnicos e praticantes de turismo de aventura, em Portugal. A metodologia assenta numa abordagem de triangulação dos resultados obtidos em questionário dirigido às empresas de animação turística inscritas no Registo Nacional de Agentes de Animação Turística, que desenvolvem atividades de turismo na natureza e de aventura, e em entrevistas dirigidas a outros stakeholders com responsabilidades na regulamentação do subsetor ou com intervenção ao nível da segurança e emergência. Com esta metodologia sustenta-se uma proposta de abordagem para este subsetor, tanto com as experiências reportadas em bibliografia, como com os resultados de inquirição detalhada aos principais stakeholders. Nesta proposta incluem-se ações consideradas prioritárias, ajustadas à realidade portuguesa e atendendo à necessária parcimónia no uso de recursos, que constituem uma base e um contributo para o desenvolvimento da gestão da segurança num setor promissor em Portugal, bem como para uma melhor adequação das experiências às expectativas turísticas, proporcionando elevados níveis de satisfação através de práticas mais seguras e sustentáveis.
Tourism development associated to the demand of nature based and adventure activities reflects the evolution of motivations and behaviours of tourists in terms of the growing interest in active, challenging and emotional tourism practices. Nature based tourism is strongly represented in the leisure and recreation tourist subsector, usually associated with enjoyment of components, observation and physical activity. Adventure tourism is closely linked to nature tourism and includes several activities that provide exposure to challenging and exciting environments and situations, many of them currently called increased risk activities. If undertaken with an appropriate framework, correctly managing the various hazards and risk factors, general and specific of activities, the desirable safety conditions are ensured. The provision of leisure and recreation tourism services should be guided by actions in which priority is given to issues of safety and risk management, particularly in increased risk activities, due to the characteristics of activities and factors associated with the environment, the techniques, the equipment and stakeholders. Thus, the sustainability of the subsector, given the growing demand for these tourist products, recommends the implementation of safety management measures applied by adventure activities, including leisure and recreation tourism service providers. Safety management in adventure tourism is the focus of this investigation. The role of the service providers is critical to promote the safety of adventure tourism activities, both for participants and for the staff, which should take a preventive approach, as the safety of the participants is one of the essential requirements for quality of service and, in case of an accident, it may be difficult to avoid the negative effects in terms of image and market. However, the involvement of other stakeholders, such as the responsible bodies for regulating the subsector, for emergency response or insurance, is essential to develop a culture of safety in adventure tourism. This research addresses the safety management practices in adventure tourism in Portugal, taking into account the perspective of leisure and recreation tourism service providers and other stakeholders with intervention in this area. A comprehensive approach to security management has been proposed. The approach is grounded in the needs which the main stakeholders consider more important for risk management and on the opportunities identified, which were considered essential for continued and improvement of safety of staff and participants in adventure tourism activities in Portugal. The methodology is based on a triangulation approach of the results obtained in a survey addressed to leisure and recreation tourism service providers listed on the national register (Registo Nacional de Agentes de Animação Turística), developing nature based and adventure tourism activities, and interviews addressed to other stakeholders with responsibilities in the regulation the subsector or intervention at the level of insurance and emergency response. An approach proposed for this subsector resulted from this methodology, supported both with experiences reported in literature and with the results of detailed surveys to key stakeholders. This proposal includes priority actions, adjusted to the Portuguese reality and taking into account the necessary parsimony in the use of resources. The proposal is a base and a contribution for the development of safety management in a promising sector in Portugal, as well as to better respond to tourist expectations, providing high levels of satisfaction through safer and sustainable practices.
Tourism development associated to the demand of nature based and adventure activities reflects the evolution of motivations and behaviours of tourists in terms of the growing interest in active, challenging and emotional tourism practices. Nature based tourism is strongly represented in the leisure and recreation tourist subsector, usually associated with enjoyment of components, observation and physical activity. Adventure tourism is closely linked to nature tourism and includes several activities that provide exposure to challenging and exciting environments and situations, many of them currently called increased risk activities. If undertaken with an appropriate framework, correctly managing the various hazards and risk factors, general and specific of activities, the desirable safety conditions are ensured. The provision of leisure and recreation tourism services should be guided by actions in which priority is given to issues of safety and risk management, particularly in increased risk activities, due to the characteristics of activities and factors associated with the environment, the techniques, the equipment and stakeholders. Thus, the sustainability of the subsector, given the growing demand for these tourist products, recommends the implementation of safety management measures applied by adventure activities, including leisure and recreation tourism service providers. Safety management in adventure tourism is the focus of this investigation. The role of the service providers is critical to promote the safety of adventure tourism activities, both for participants and for the staff, which should take a preventive approach, as the safety of the participants is one of the essential requirements for quality of service and, in case of an accident, it may be difficult to avoid the negative effects in terms of image and market. However, the involvement of other stakeholders, such as the responsible bodies for regulating the subsector, for emergency response or insurance, is essential to develop a culture of safety in adventure tourism. This research addresses the safety management practices in adventure tourism in Portugal, taking into account the perspective of leisure and recreation tourism service providers and other stakeholders with intervention in this area. A comprehensive approach to security management has been proposed. The approach is grounded in the needs which the main stakeholders consider more important for risk management and on the opportunities identified, which were considered essential for continued and improvement of safety of staff and participants in adventure tourism activities in Portugal. The methodology is based on a triangulation approach of the results obtained in a survey addressed to leisure and recreation tourism service providers listed on the national register (Registo Nacional de Agentes de Animação Turística), developing nature based and adventure tourism activities, and interviews addressed to other stakeholders with responsibilities in the regulation the subsector or intervention at the level of insurance and emergency response. An approach proposed for this subsector resulted from this methodology, supported both with experiences reported in literature and with the results of detailed surveys to key stakeholders. This proposal includes priority actions, adjusted to the Portuguese reality and taking into account the necessary parsimony in the use of resources. The proposal is a base and a contribution for the development of safety management in a promising sector in Portugal, as well as to better respond to tourist expectations, providing high levels of satisfaction through safer and sustainable practices.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Turismo (Gestão de Destinos e Produtos Turísticos), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, 2016
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2016