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Governança adaptativa de bacias hidrográficas : um estudo comparativo de Portugal e Brasil
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Um sistema de governança é caracterizado por uma série de elementos que permitem conceituá-lo como Adaptativo, de acordo a Literatura Científica. Esse trabalho desenvolveu um quadro com características de um sistema governança adaptativa que serviu para avaliar os sistemas de governança de recursos hídricos de Portugal e do Brasil, aplicados aos estudos de caso em bacias hidrográficas que apresentaram eventos de seca e escassez hídrica, com base numa triangulação metodológica composta uma parte de análise empírica e outra com aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas. Destaco que o eixo epistemológico dessa pesquisa tem por estrutura a relação água, sociedade e território e a importância da integração desses três elementos para a gestão e a governança adaptativa dos recursos hídricos, especialmente frente ao cenário de emergência climáticas que vivemos, na Era do Antropoceno. A análise comparativa foi realizada num contexto histórico, político e territorial. O Objetivo Geral foi perceber se os sistemas de governança dos recursos hídricos analisados apresentam características de governança adaptativa para enfrentar e responder adequadamente à complexidade que envolve os desafios do uso da água em seus territórios, no contexto atual de emergência climática, especialmente quanto aos eventos de seca e escassez hídrica. Entre os resultados alcançados, destaca-se que existem diferentes graus de capacidade adaptativas entre sistemas de governança de recursos hídricos com arranjos diferenciados dos dois países. A pesquisa realizada poderá contribuir para construção de políticas públicas especialmente considerando as relações bilaterais entre Portugal e Brasil. Concluo que a governança adaptativa, como uma função social, com seus elementos de gestão participativa e colaborativa, decisão policêntrica e coordenada, flexibilidade das lideranças para alterar e adaptar processos em respostas a conflitos ou crises é uma excelente ferramenta para enfrentar eventos de seca e escassez hídrica, eventos que cada vez mais acometem Portugal e o Brasil.
A governance system is characterized by a series of elements that allow it to be conceptualized as adaptive, according to the scientific literature. This work developed a framework with the characteristics of an adaptive governance system that was used to evaluate the water resource governance systems in Portugal and Brazil, applied to case studies in river basins that have experienced drought and water scarcity events, based on a methodological triangulation consisting of empirical analysis and questionnaires and interviews. The epistemological axis of this research is based on the relationship between water, society and territory and the importance of integrating these three elements for the management and adaptive governance of water resources, especially in the face of the climate emergency scenario we are experiencing in the Anthropocene Era. The comparative analysis was conducted on this resource using a historical, political, and territorial context. The general objective was to find out whether the water governance systems analyzed have adaptive governance characteristics to cope with and respond adequately to the complexity surrounding the challenges of water use in their territories, in the current context of climate emergency, especially regarding drought events and water scarcity. Among the results achieved, it is worth highlighting that there are different degrees of adaptive capacity between water governance systems with different arrangements in the two countries analyzed. The research conducted could contribute to the construction of public policies, especially considering the bilateral relations between Portugal and Brazil. I conclude that adaptive governance, as a social function, with its elements of participatory and collaborative management, polycentric and coordinated decision-making, and leadership flexibility to change and adapt processes in response to conflicts or crises, is an excellent tool for dealing with droughts and water scarcity events that are increasingly affecting Portugal and Brazil.
A governance system is characterized by a series of elements that allow it to be conceptualized as adaptive, according to the scientific literature. This work developed a framework with the characteristics of an adaptive governance system that was used to evaluate the water resource governance systems in Portugal and Brazil, applied to case studies in river basins that have experienced drought and water scarcity events, based on a methodological triangulation consisting of empirical analysis and questionnaires and interviews. The epistemological axis of this research is based on the relationship between water, society and territory and the importance of integrating these three elements for the management and adaptive governance of water resources, especially in the face of the climate emergency scenario we are experiencing in the Anthropocene Era. The comparative analysis was conducted on this resource using a historical, political, and territorial context. The general objective was to find out whether the water governance systems analyzed have adaptive governance characteristics to cope with and respond adequately to the complexity surrounding the challenges of water use in their territories, in the current context of climate emergency, especially regarding drought events and water scarcity. Among the results achieved, it is worth highlighting that there are different degrees of adaptive capacity between water governance systems with different arrangements in the two countries analyzed. The research conducted could contribute to the construction of public policies, especially considering the bilateral relations between Portugal and Brazil. I conclude that adaptive governance, as a social function, with its elements of participatory and collaborative management, polycentric and coordinated decision-making, and leadership flexibility to change and adapt processes in response to conflicts or crises, is an excellent tool for dealing with droughts and water scarcity events that are increasingly affecting Portugal and Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
Governança de recursos hídricos Crise hídrica Políticas públicas Capacidade adaptativa Integração Water governance Water crisis Public policies Adaptive capacity Integration