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Portugal
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Wine has been an important part of Portuguese agriculture for a very long
period of time. The evolution of its output and exports is closely related to
changes in domestic economic conditions as well as changes in the international
markets. Vines were cultivated alI over the territory, from the
northern hills of Trás-os-Montes, to the Douro Valley, from the coastal
region of Estremadura to the dry climates of southern Alentejo and farther
to the islands of Madeira and the Azores. Until recently, wine was also an
important source of calorie intake, together with grains, olive oil, fish and
meat. The small size of the domestic economy, its geographical position
at the southern periphery of Europe and the evolution of domestic economic
policies and international treaties and tariffs are key elements for the
understanding of the evolution of wine production and trade in Portugal.
Portugal has lagged behind economic development elsewhere in Europe for
a long time, and most of its industries reflect that backwardness and were
seldom on the technological frontier. Yet the economic history of Portugal
is also punctuated by instances where local innovation and technological
advances were of great relevance, and winemaking provides example of
such positive developments.
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Citação
Lains, P. (2018). Portugal. In Anderson, K. and Pinilla, V. (Eds.), Wine Globalization: A New Comparative History, pp. 178-207. Cambridge University Press