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Resumo(s)
O mel produzido por abelhas da espĆ©cie Apis mellifera Ć© um produto de elevado valor, nĆ£o só económico como tambĆ©m nutricional, com diversos e benefĆcios para a saĆŗde humana. De acordo com a sua composição, o mel pode ser classificado em dois tipos:
- monofloral: quando 45 % do seu pólen provém apenas uma espécie floral;
- multifloral: quando provƩm de mais do que uma espƩcie floral.
A qualidade do mel varia de acordo como a composição floral, condiƧƵes climatĆ©ricas e ambientais da sua zona de produção. Ć de extrema importĆ¢ncia identificar as espĆ©cies florais que compƵem o mel. A correta identificação de espĆ©cies que o constituem, para alĆ©m de ter impacto no seu valor comercial, assegura a sua autenticidade. O mĆ©todo clĆ”ssico usado para identificar as espĆ©cies botĆ¢nicas presentes no mel atravĆ©s da anĆ”lise dos grĆ£os de pólen Ć© denominado melissopalinologia. Este mĆ©todo baseia-se na observação, identificação e contagem dos grĆ£os de pólen atravĆ©s de microscopia ótica, um mĆ©todo muito moroso, que requer muita experiĆŖncia e vasto conhecimento acerca da morfologia dos diferentes grĆ£os de pólen. Nos Ćŗltimos anos tĆŖm sido propostos mĆ©todos alternativos Ć melissopalinologia para a identificação das espĆ©cies botĆ¢nicas nas quais o mel teve origem. Um exemplo sĆ£o as tĆ©cnicas de sequenciação de DNA, uma vez que o pólen presente no mel pode servir como fonte de DNA e ser usado para a identificação da sua origem botĆ¢nica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar 41 amostras de mel usando uma tĆ©cnica de Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). A aplicação da tĆ©cnica de NGS a estas amostras permitiu identificar, ao nĆvel da famĆlia, a sua origem botĆ¢nica. TambĆ©m foi possĆvel verificar que existe uma relação entre as famĆlias de plantas identificadas e a origem geogrĆ”fica do mel. Embora ainda existam algumas limitaƧƵes relacionadas com a aplicação desta tĆ©cnica na identificação da origem botĆ¢nica do mel, num futuro próximo, esta poderĆ” vir a ser aplicada de modo a garantir de forma fiĆ”vel a autenticidade do produto.
Honey produced by Apis mellifera bees, is a product with high economic value as well as nutritional with several benefits associated with human health and well-being. Regarding its classification, honey can be classified in two types: -monofloral ā when 45% of its pollen originates from a single floral species; -multifloral ā when it comes from more than one floral species. Honeyās quality is related with floral composition, climatic and environmental conditions of its production area. Itās critical to properly identify the botanic species present in honey once this identification will have an impact on its commercial, also ensuring its authenticity. The classic method used to identify botanic species within honey is called melissopalynology. This methodology is based on the observation, identification and counting of the pollen grains present in honey by using optical microscopy. This is a very laborious method which requires a high level of expertise and knowledge regarding pollen grainsā morphology. In the last years, alternative methods to melissopalynology that enable the identification of the botanic species within the honey, such as DNA sequencing have been proposed. The pollen present in the honey can be used as a source of DNA and, therefore used to identify its botanical origin. This work aimed to characterize 41 honey samples by using Next-Generation Sequencing techniques. This technique allowed the identification of the botanical origin of these honey samples to a family level. It was also possible to establish a link between the identified plants present in the honey samples with their geographic origin. Although there are some constraints related to the application of the NGS technique, in a near future, this technique might be applied to ensure the authenticity of honey.
Honey produced by Apis mellifera bees, is a product with high economic value as well as nutritional with several benefits associated with human health and well-being. Regarding its classification, honey can be classified in two types: -monofloral ā when 45% of its pollen originates from a single floral species; -multifloral ā when it comes from more than one floral species. Honeyās quality is related with floral composition, climatic and environmental conditions of its production area. Itās critical to properly identify the botanic species present in honey once this identification will have an impact on its commercial, also ensuring its authenticity. The classic method used to identify botanic species within honey is called melissopalynology. This methodology is based on the observation, identification and counting of the pollen grains present in honey by using optical microscopy. This is a very laborious method which requires a high level of expertise and knowledge regarding pollen grainsā morphology. In the last years, alternative methods to melissopalynology that enable the identification of the botanic species within the honey, such as DNA sequencing have been proposed. The pollen present in the honey can be used as a source of DNA and, therefore used to identify its botanical origin. This work aimed to characterize 41 honey samples by using Next-Generation Sequencing techniques. This technique allowed the identification of the botanical origin of these honey samples to a family level. It was also possible to establish a link between the identified plants present in the honey samples with their geographic origin. Although there are some constraints related to the application of the NGS technique, in a near future, this technique might be applied to ensure the authenticity of honey.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Genética, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2016
Palavras-chave
Next-generation sequencing Mel Origem botânica Autenticidade Origem geogrÔfica Teses de mestrado - 2016
