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O pinheiro de alepo, Pinus halepensis, é uma espécie pioneira utilizada no restauro de solos perturbados. Porém, a alta densidade em estádios jovens inibe a exposição solar e o desenvolvimento da
vegetação do sub-bosque. Os efeitos de P. halepensis nas comunidades faunísticas são desconhecidos e
os répteis poderão ser bons indicadores, pela alta dependência da qualidade térmica e estrutural do
habitat. Assim, avaliaram-se os efeitos de diferentes densidades de P. halepensis, a eficácia do corte
raso de povoamentos densos desta árvore na comunidade de répteis e averiguou-se em que grau o
desbaste seletivo aumenta a temperatura ao nível do solo. Realizou-se uma amostragem por classes de
distância ao longo de transectos lineares e utilizou-se modelos hierárquicos de distância para modelar a
probabilidade de deteção e a densidade da espécie Psammosdomus algirus. O modelo mais
parcimonioso incluiu as covariáveis “cobertura arbustiva” e “cobertura de ramos”. As densidades
estimadas de P. algirus variaram entre 3.49 e 29.55 indivíduos por hectare, com uma média de 12.8
ind/ha. Foi detetada uma densidade significativamente menor de P. algirus nos locais com densidade
média de P. halepensis superior a 1.1 ind/m2
. As densidades de P. algirus nos locais com corte raso, em
2020, são significativamente superiores à dos pinhais impenetráveis de P. halepensis. Foi detetado um
aumento significativo da temperatura sob os refúgios em locais sujeitos a desbaste seletivo de 20% da
canópia, comparativamente a refúgios controlo. Estas diferenças são explicadas principalmente pelas
alterações do coberto arbustivo provocadas pela alta densidade de P. halepensis, essencial para a
disponibilidade de alimento e de refúgios. Este trabalho descreve, pela primeira vez, os efeitos da
elevada densidade de P. halepensis nas populações de P. algirus, presumivelmente refletindo um padrão
semelhante ao da comunidade de répteis, apresentando possíveis soluções de mitigação e ajudando a
otimizar as medidas de restauro ecológico.
The Aleppo pine, Pinus halepensis, is a pioneer species used in disturbed soils restoration. However, the high density of its young stages blocks sunlight and hampers the development of understory vegetation. The effects of P. halepensis on faunal communities are unknown, and reptiles could be good indicators due to their high dependence on the thermal and structural quality of the habitat. Therefore, we assessed the effects of different densities of P. halepensis and dense stand clear-cutting on the reptile community and investigated to what extent selective thinning of P. halepensis increases ground-level temperature. We performed distance sampling along linear transects, and hierarchical distance methods to model the detection probability and density of the most common reptile species, Psammosdomus algirus. The most parsimonious hierarchical model included the covariates "shrub cover" and "branch cover." Estimated densities of P. algirus ranged from 3.49 to 29.55 individuals per hectare, with an average density of 12.8 ind/ha. We observed a significantly lower density of P. algirus in locations with an average density of P. halepensis higher than 1.1 ind/m2 . The densities of P. algirus in areas subjected to clear-cutting in 2020 were significantly higher than those in dense pine stands of P. halepensis. Additionally, we detected a significant increase in temperature under shelters in locations subject to 20% selective canopy thinning compared to control shelters. These differences can be explained predominantly by the changes in shrub cover caused by the high density of P. halepensis, crucial to provide both food and shelter for these reptiles. In this study, and for the first time, the effects of the high density of P. halepensis on P. algirus populations are described, presumably reflecting a pattern similar to that of the entire reptile community. Possible mitigation solutions and contributions for the optimization of ecological restoration measures are also suggested.
The Aleppo pine, Pinus halepensis, is a pioneer species used in disturbed soils restoration. However, the high density of its young stages blocks sunlight and hampers the development of understory vegetation. The effects of P. halepensis on faunal communities are unknown, and reptiles could be good indicators due to their high dependence on the thermal and structural quality of the habitat. Therefore, we assessed the effects of different densities of P. halepensis and dense stand clear-cutting on the reptile community and investigated to what extent selective thinning of P. halepensis increases ground-level temperature. We performed distance sampling along linear transects, and hierarchical distance methods to model the detection probability and density of the most common reptile species, Psammosdomus algirus. The most parsimonious hierarchical model included the covariates "shrub cover" and "branch cover." Estimated densities of P. algirus ranged from 3.49 to 29.55 individuals per hectare, with an average density of 12.8 ind/ha. We observed a significantly lower density of P. algirus in locations with an average density of P. halepensis higher than 1.1 ind/m2 . The densities of P. algirus in areas subjected to clear-cutting in 2020 were significantly higher than those in dense pine stands of P. halepensis. Additionally, we detected a significant increase in temperature under shelters in locations subject to 20% selective canopy thinning compared to control shelters. These differences can be explained predominantly by the changes in shrub cover caused by the high density of P. halepensis, crucial to provide both food and shelter for these reptiles. In this study, and for the first time, the effects of the high density of P. halepensis on P. algirus populations are described, presumably reflecting a pattern similar to that of the entire reptile community. Possible mitigation solutions and contributions for the optimization of ecological restoration measures are also suggested.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Biologia da Conservação, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Espécie Exótica Restauro Ecológico Gestão Florestal Degradação de Habitat Teses de mestrado - 2024
