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A experiência de pessoas cegas na perceção da paisagem multissensorial
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
No contexto atual, quer devido à herança cultural dos sentidos da sociedade ocidental, quer aos
desenvolvimentos da tecnologia digital do século XXI, quer ainda o ser humano ser
preponderantemente um ser visual, existe uma hegemonia do sentido da visão. Devido a isto, as
paisagens têm sido concebidas atendendo na maioria a uma estética visual, valorizando a cor ao
aroma, a forma e a luz à sombra e frescura, o ponto de vista ao som ou sensações térmicas. Isto resulta
em paisagens pitorescas, o que provoca na sua raiz, experiências sensoriais superficiais e problemas de
acessibilidade a pessoas com deficiência visual. As propostas do desenho de jardins inclusivos ou
sensoriais e do design universal, têm sido insuficientes, tanto para atender a este problema
multissensorial de experiência como para a acessibilidade das pessoas cegas. O presente trabalho
pretendeu propor novas diretrizes de projeto tendo como ponto de partida a perceção de pessoas
cegas na paisagem.
Para isso, desenvolveu-se um estudo preliminar, onde se discute em que medida o conceito da
paisagem não é fundamentalmente visual e como funciona a perceção do ser humano e em particular
das pessoas cegas. Pelas entrevistas realizadas, foi possível constatar, como as diretrizes de projeto do
design inclusivo têm sido insuficientes face aos problemas colocados pela hegemonia da visão.
Descobriu-se que as pessoas cegas percecionam e representam mentalmente uma paisagem invisível,
em que as profundidades do espaço e o volume da vegetação é analisada de acordo com a propagação
do som, por exemplo. Analisou-se que esta paisagem invisível permanece da relação de quatro
elementos: caminhos, limites, zonas distintas e pontos de referência. De acordo com esta estrutura,
sugerem-se novas diretrizes de projetar paisagens, onde as leis de uma ordem visual e de uma invisual
se harmonizam, criando uma paisagem intrinsecamente multissensorial.
In the current context, whether due to the cultural heritage of the senses in Western society, the developments of 21st-century digital technology, or the fact that humans are predominantly visual beings, there is a hegemony of vision. As a result, landscapes have been designed primarily with visual aesthetics in mind, valuing color over scent, form and light over shadow and freshness, viewpoint over sound or thermal sensations. This results in picturesque landscapes, which at their core provoke superficial sensory experiences and problems of accessibility for visually impaired people. The responses of inclusive or sensory garden design and universal design have been insufficient, both to address this multi-sensory experience problem and to ensure accessibility for blind people. This work aimed to discover new guidelines starting from the perception of blind people in the landscape. For this, a preliminary study was developed, discussing to what extent the concept of landscape is not fundamentally visual and how human and blind people's perception works. Through the interviews conducted, it was possible to verify how the guidelines of inclusive design have been insufficient in the face of the problems posed by the hegemony of vision. It was discovered that blind people possess and mentally represent an invisible landscape, in which the depths of space and the volume of vegetation are analyzed according to the propagation of sound, for example. It was analyzed that this invisible landscape remains from the relationship of four elements: paths, limits, distinct zones, and reference points. According to this structure, new guidelines for designing landscapes were suggested, where the laws of a visual and an invisual order harmonize, creating an intrinsically multisensory landscape.
In the current context, whether due to the cultural heritage of the senses in Western society, the developments of 21st-century digital technology, or the fact that humans are predominantly visual beings, there is a hegemony of vision. As a result, landscapes have been designed primarily with visual aesthetics in mind, valuing color over scent, form and light over shadow and freshness, viewpoint over sound or thermal sensations. This results in picturesque landscapes, which at their core provoke superficial sensory experiences and problems of accessibility for visually impaired people. The responses of inclusive or sensory garden design and universal design have been insufficient, both to address this multi-sensory experience problem and to ensure accessibility for blind people. This work aimed to discover new guidelines starting from the perception of blind people in the landscape. For this, a preliminary study was developed, discussing to what extent the concept of landscape is not fundamentally visual and how human and blind people's perception works. Through the interviews conducted, it was possible to verify how the guidelines of inclusive design have been insufficient in the face of the problems posed by the hegemony of vision. It was discovered that blind people possess and mentally represent an invisible landscape, in which the depths of space and the volume of vegetation are analyzed according to the propagation of sound, for example. It was analyzed that this invisible landscape remains from the relationship of four elements: paths, limits, distinct zones, and reference points. According to this structure, new guidelines for designing landscapes were suggested, where the laws of a visual and an invisual order harmonize, creating an intrinsically multisensory landscape.
Descrição
Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista / Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
cegueira perceção da paisagem representação espacial perceção da paisagem pelos cegos jardins sensoriais blindness landscape perception Spatial representation landscape perception of visual imparments sensory gardens
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Rocha, T.R.A. A experiência de pessoas cegas na perceção da paisagem multissensorial. Lisboa: ISA, 2024, 136 p. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa