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White Rot Fungi (Hymenochaetales) and Esca of Grapevine: Insights from Recent Microbiome Studies
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Esca is a major grapevine trunk disease that heavily affects vineyards in the Northern
hemisphere. The etiology and epidemiology of this disease have been subject of dispute ever since
the earliest disease reports. The reason behind such debate is the presence of multiple internal
and external symptoms, as well as several putative and confirmed wood pathogens. While the
role of pathogenic fungi, as causal agents of wood symptoms, has been thoroughly assessed, their
role in the expression of leaf symptoms remains to be fully elucidated. In this review, we analyzed
etiological and epidemiological data, with a special focus on the microbiological aspect of esca and the
involvement of Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota). Vineyard studies have associated leaf symptoms
with the presence of white rot, most frequently caused by Fomitiporia mediterranea (Hymenochaetales),
while tracheomycotic fungi are commonly found, with similar abundance, in symptomatic and
asymptomatic vines. Pathogenicity trials have excluded a direct effect of Hymenochaetales species
in triggering leaf symptoms, while the data concerning the role of tracheomycotic fungi remains
controversial. Recent microbiome studies confirmed that F. mediterranea is more abundant in leafsymptomatic
vines, and treatments that effectively control leaf symptoms, such as sodium arsenite
spray and trunk surgery, act directly on the abundance of F. mediterranea or on the presence of white
rot. This suggest that the simultaneous presence of Hymenochaetales and tracheomycotic fungi is a
pre-requisite for leaf symptoms; however, the relation among fungal pathogens, grapevine and other
biotic and abiotic factors needs further investigation
Descrição
Review
Palavras-chave
Fomitiporia mediterranea grapevine leaf stripe disease grapevine trunk diseases Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Phaeoacremonium interveinal necrosis
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Del Frari, G.; Oliveira, H.; Boavida Ferreira, R. White Rot Fungi (Hymenochaetales) and Esca of Grapevine: Insights from Recent Microbiome Studies. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 770
Editora
MDPI