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Squalene and DHA production by heterotrophic microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp., for Nutrition applications
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There has been a growing trend worldwide in the use of squalene, due in part to its recognized health benefits and its range of applications. However, the growth of the industry around this resource has been extremely limited by the scarcity and limitations of sources of raw material to produce this compound. Additionally, it is recognized the interest and strategy in the exploitation and recovery of by-products and waste resulting from biorefineries, promoting more sustainable and added value practices. The aim of this work is developing a viable biotechnological process for the simultaneous production of squalene and polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid - DHA), using as alternative source heterotrophic microalgae strain, Aurantiochytrium sp., under specific growth conditions. The highest biomass production was achieved after 72 hours. The highest production of squalene (7.3 g/100 g and 250 mgL-1) and the highest productivity of DHA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was obtained under the following conditions: salinity at 1.5%, glucose concentration at 4%, temperature at 26-30 °C and aeration flow 3 and 9 L min -1 after 48-72 hours of cultivation. After extraction of squalene, the biomass remaining is still rich in other bioactive compounds, as DHA, whose properties make them interesting for the development of functional ingredients for use in animal feed, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulas. Moreover, this approach pretends to minimize the costs and environmental impact of the remaining biomass from microalgae production through its applications in the Feed & Food areas.
The obtained results showed that Aurantiochytrium sp.is a promissory alternative source of squalene and discover ways to the sustainable development of new products formulated directly from algal biomass or from DHA concentrated extracts, lessening the environmental impacts associated with the current production process. In addition, the study of squalene production and valorization study of the remaining biomass rich in DHA, enabled the studies of different biomass applications, that suggested new products.
This thesis was carried out with the support of the Depsiextracta Tecnologias Biológicas Lda, with aim of found strategies to increase the squalene process. The obtained results in different chapters of this thesis provide important information that will allow the company, solved the problematic of current squalene sources scarcity, creating value through the commercialization of new products such as remaining biomass rich in DHA and / or concentrated extracts of DHA, through clean, economically environmentally sustainable systems.
The company invests in strategic areas, optimizing and exploiting its technical and scientific skills. The research activities associated with this study, and the validation of the developed products were carried out in collaboration with the Portuguese sea and atmosphere institute), IPMA.
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Esqualeno ácidos gordos polinsaturados (PUFA) Aurantiochytrium sp. Supercritical fluid extraction acido docosahexaenoic (DHA) Squalene (SQ) Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Aurantiochytrium sp. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Supercritical fluid extraction