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Water management dilemma in the agricultural sector of Iran: A review focusing on water governance
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Around 90% of fresh renewable water is being used in Iran, indicating high water stress conditions across the
country. Given that agricultural irrigation accounts for the majority of water use and consumption, any efforts to
alleviate water stress must focus on enhancing agricultural water management. This paper aims to exhaustively
compile the existing literature on the consequences and drivers of water insecurity, and to discuss the strategies
balancing food and water security in the context of agricultural water management. Severe water scarcity can be
largely attributed to governance gaps in Iran. In addition, inefficient water use, population growth, and
warming/drying trends in the recent half a century are other major causes of the water scarcity. Groundwater
over-depletion, quality deterioration of aquatic resources, decreased environmental flows and habitat destruc-
tion, and water conflicts are the significant consequences of improper water management in Iran. Several water
productivity and conservation interventions, drawn from a rich literature, were suggested to improve agricul-
tural water management in Iran. Furthermore, some water-food-energy nexus optimization methods, including
changing cropping patterns, modifying energy tariffs, manipulating food diet, and reducing food waste, were
discussed. Nexus-based strategies, which aim to achieve a balance between food production and water sus-
tainability, are of high importance in reducing water consumption in the agricultural sector. While there has
been a significant focus on improving water productivity and nexus-based measures, it is essential that policy-
makers prioritize enhancing the water governance dimensions to effectively address water scarcity and its
consequences in Iran. In other words, improving the water governance system is a prerequisite for adopting any
strategy aimed at enhancing agricultural water management and coping with water security.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Groundwater depletion Water-food-security nexus Water productivity Water saving Water scarcity
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Nouri, Milad, et al. “Water Management Dilemma in the Agricultural Sector of Iran: A Review Focusing on Water Governance.” Agricultural Water Management, vol. 288, Oct. 2023, p. 108480
Editora
Elsevier