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Yellow Lake Pigments from Weld in Art: Investigating the Winsor & Newton 19th Century Archive

2021-02Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorVeneno, Maria
dc.contributor.authorNabais, Paula
dc.contributor.authorOtero, Vanessa
dc.contributor.authorClemente, Adelaide
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, M. Conceição
dc.contributor.authorMelo, Maria João
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-28T17:24:18Z
dc.date.available2021-12-28T17:24:18Z
dc.date.issued2021-02
dc.description.abstractWeld (Reseda luteola) was one of the main sources of yellow dyes used for dyeing textiles and to prepare artists’ pigments in Europe until the 19th century. For the first time, this work explores the technology of preparing weld lake pigments in the 19th century by Winsor & Newton (W&N), a renowned supplier of artists’ materials. Five recipes were discovered in the W&N 19th century Archive Database and reconstructed in the laboratory. W&N was extracting weld in neutral and basic media, and preparing the insoluble lake by complexation with Al3+ in the form of alum (KAl(SO4)2•12H2O) or hydrated alumina (Al(OH)3). Five yellow lake pigments were successfully obtained and characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Their chromatographic profiles display as main yellows, luteolin 7-O-glucoside (Lut-7-O-glu) or both Lut-7-O-glu plus luteolin 3′,7-O-glucoside (Lut-3’,7-O-glu). In two of the processes, the presence of gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) was unequivocally detected by FTIR, being formed as a by-product. This work offers the first identification of weld lake pigments’ characteristic infrared bands. The W&N Database proved again to be a unique source of information on 19th-century artists’ materials and their commercial preparation. The knowledge gain is essential to ensure effective conservation and authentication procedures.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationVeneno, M.; Nabais, P.; Otero, V.; Clemente, A.; Oliveira, M.C.; Melo, M.J. Yellow Lake Pigments from Weld in Art: Investigating the Winsor & Newton 19th Century Archive. Heritage 2021, 4, 422-436. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4010026pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/heritage4010026pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/50614
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQVpt_PT
dc.relationFCT UIDP/50006/2020pt_PT
dc.relationFCT UIDB/50006/2020pt_PT
dc.relationFCT PTDC/QUI-OUT/29925/2017pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.titleYellow Lake Pigments from Weld in Art: Investigating the Winsor & Newton 19th Century Archivept_PT
dc.title.alternativenapt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage436pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage422pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleHeritagept_PT
oaire.citation.volume4pt_PT
person.familyNameClemente
person.givenNameAdelaide
person.identifier.ciencia-id5E1B-9616-F28D
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8961-4791
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7005760520
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione9081c28-eea1-4935-b9c9-3bea741d58a7
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye9081c28-eea1-4935-b9c9-3bea741d58a7

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