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A sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento em Cabo Verde no contexto dos pequenos Estados insulares : a política pública de energia
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Esta tese pretende analisar a política pública de energia, com enfoque na estratégia “Cabo Verde 100% de energia renovável na rede elétrica em 2020”. Tal análise debruçar-se-á sobre os aspetos institucionais, políticos, económicos, tecnológicos e de natureza temporal que possam influenciar a viabilização desta estratégia. Igualmente, pretende-se aferir sobre a disponibilidade da população e da sociedade civil em colaborar na sua concretização. A pesquisa foi suportada em recolha bibliográfica, análise documental, inquéritos de opinião à população e entrevistas a diversos stakeholders que intervêm nesta política pública. A principal conclusão desta investigação é que esta meta de política pública, definida em 2015, dificilmente será exequível, primeiramente porque, quando comparada a taxa de penetração das renováveis na rede elétrica naquela altura e também a atual (aproximadamente 25%) com a restante percentagem que falta para chegar os 100%, vê-se claramente que é impossível ser atingida num curto espaço de tempo (de três anos). Outrossim, as condições económicas, institucionais, tecnológicas e políticas não permitem que esta meta dos 100% seja cumprida. Contudo, existem, por um lado, enormes potencialidades em termos de recursos endógenos (principalmente o solar e eólico), um percurso já feito nesta matéria, um know-how adquirido e ainda uma grande sensibilização e mobilização dos stakeholders em torno da sua concretização, aspetos que devem ser valorizados na implementação de futuras políticas da sustentabilidade energética.
This thesis aims to analyse the public energy policy in Cabo Verde, focusing on the strategy “Cabo Verde 100% renewable energy: plan to 2020”. The analysis will address the institutional, political, economic, technological and temporal aspects that may influence the viability of this strategy. Furthermore, it is intended to assess the availability of the population and civil society to collaborate in its implementation. The research was supported on a literature review and both qualitative and quantitative methods, including documentary analysis, opinion surveys and interviews with various stakeholders. The main conclusion of the research is that this policy goal, as established in 2015, is not feasible. When comparing the rate of renewable energy sources in the electricity grid, back in 2015 and at present (approximately 25%), with the remaining percentage needed to achieve a 100% goal, it becomes clear that it will be difficult to fill such a gap within a period of three years. Moreover, the conditions in place - economic, institutional, technological and political - are not sufficient to meet this 100% target. However, there are enormous potentialities in terms of endogenous resources, especially solar and wind power. In addition, the country benefits of positive factors that ought to be recognized: the long history of investment in the field of renewable energies; an accumulated expertise; as well as a good awareness and mobilization among the stakeholders. All these factors should be valued in the future implementation of sustainable energy policies.
This thesis aims to analyse the public energy policy in Cabo Verde, focusing on the strategy “Cabo Verde 100% renewable energy: plan to 2020”. The analysis will address the institutional, political, economic, technological and temporal aspects that may influence the viability of this strategy. Furthermore, it is intended to assess the availability of the population and civil society to collaborate in its implementation. The research was supported on a literature review and both qualitative and quantitative methods, including documentary analysis, opinion surveys and interviews with various stakeholders. The main conclusion of the research is that this policy goal, as established in 2015, is not feasible. When comparing the rate of renewable energy sources in the electricity grid, back in 2015 and at present (approximately 25%), with the remaining percentage needed to achieve a 100% goal, it becomes clear that it will be difficult to fill such a gap within a period of three years. Moreover, the conditions in place - economic, institutional, technological and political - are not sufficient to meet this 100% target. However, there are enormous potentialities in terms of endogenous resources, especially solar and wind power. In addition, the country benefits of positive factors that ought to be recognized: the long history of investment in the field of renewable energies; an accumulated expertise; as well as a good awareness and mobilization among the stakeholders. All these factors should be valued in the future implementation of sustainable energy policies.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Alterações Climáticas e Políticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Sociologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2018
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2018