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O cuidador formal de idosos : vivência, experiência de burnout e sobrecarga no desempenho da profissão
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O presente trabalho encontra-se dividido em dois estudos que se distinguem pelos objetivos e tipo de metodologia e que se identificam na temática, procurando compreender, de forma mais articulada, a vivência do cuidador e a experiência de burnout e sobrecarga no desempenho desta profissão. No Estudo 1 foram utilizados os instrumentos Escala de Sobrecarga do Cuidador (ESC) e Inventário de Burnout de Copenhagen (IBC), aplicados em amostras de 117 e 139 cuidadores formais de idosos respetivamente. O objetivo foi a compreensão do funcionamento destes instrumentos e a caracterização das amostras relativamente aos resultados obtidos nos mesmos. Os resultados indicaram uma boa consistência interna de ambos os instrumentos na sua globalidade. Os dois instrumentos mostraram-se também, positivamente correlacionados um com o outro. Relativamente ao comportamento da amostra na resposta ao IBC: 33.09% dos participantes obtiveram índices de elevado nível de burnout relacionado com o trabalho; 29.50% obtiveram índices de elevado nível de burnout pessoal; e, em menor escala, 20.86% obtiveram índices de elevado nível de burnout relacionado com o utente. Por fim, relativamente aos resultados da amostra na ESC: 37.6% da amostra reportou resultados de sobrecarga intensa e 30.8% de sobrecarga ligeira. No Estudo 2 foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada a 20 cuidadores formais de idosos. A entrevista procurou compreender como é a vivencia do cuidador formal de idosos e o que interfere positiva e negativamente nesta, tomando em especial consideração a perceção da sobrecarga e do burnout por parte do cuidador. Os resultados indicaram que os cuidadores formais de idosos, apesar de retirarem prazer do desempenho da profissão, encontram diversos obstáculos na manutenção do bem-estar físico e psicológico. Foram reportados aspetos como: falta de formação, dificuldades relacionadas com o público alvo bem como com as características individuais dos utentes, dificuldades na manutenção de um bom ambiente laboral e outros fatores relacionados à insatisfação no trabalho como a falta de
tempo e de recursos humanos e um grande cansaço psicológico proveniente da prestação de cuidados a idosos.
The present dissertation is divided in two studies both pursuing the purpose of trying to understand, in a more articulated way, the caregiver’s daily experience and the burnout and burden experience in their career performance. In Study 1 the The Zarit Burden Interview (ESC) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (IBC) were respectively applied in samples of 117 and 139 formal caregivers of the elderly. The goal was to understand how these scales work and characterize the samples throught their results. These results show a good internal consistency of both scales althought some dimentions were less consistent. A positive correlation was also showed between scales. These results in the IBC showed that 33.09% of participants showed a high rate of burnout related to work; 29.05% showed a high rate of personal burnout; and in a minor range, 20.86% showed a high rate of burnout related to the client. These results in ESC showed that 37.6% of the sample reported the results of a intense burden and 30.8% a moderate burden. In Study 2 it was carried out a semi-structured interview on 20 formal caregivers. The interview aim to understand how is the caregiver’s daily experience and what tampers positively and negatively with it, taking in special regard the perception of burden and burnout by the caregivers. These results indicated that the caregivers, despite enjoying their professional functions, find several obstacles to the preservation of their physical and psychological well-being. Some of the aspects reported were the lack of training courses, difficulties related to their target public as well as the patients individual traits, difficulties in the maintainability of a pleasant work place and others related to work discontent like lack of time and human resources and a considerable psychological exhaustion derived from the care providing.
The present dissertation is divided in two studies both pursuing the purpose of trying to understand, in a more articulated way, the caregiver’s daily experience and the burnout and burden experience in their career performance. In Study 1 the The Zarit Burden Interview (ESC) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (IBC) were respectively applied in samples of 117 and 139 formal caregivers of the elderly. The goal was to understand how these scales work and characterize the samples throught their results. These results show a good internal consistency of both scales althought some dimentions were less consistent. A positive correlation was also showed between scales. These results in the IBC showed that 33.09% of participants showed a high rate of burnout related to work; 29.05% showed a high rate of personal burnout; and in a minor range, 20.86% showed a high rate of burnout related to the client. These results in ESC showed that 37.6% of the sample reported the results of a intense burden and 30.8% a moderate burden. In Study 2 it was carried out a semi-structured interview on 20 formal caregivers. The interview aim to understand how is the caregiver’s daily experience and what tampers positively and negatively with it, taking in special regard the perception of burden and burnout by the caregivers. These results indicated that the caregivers, despite enjoying their professional functions, find several obstacles to the preservation of their physical and psychological well-being. Some of the aspects reported were the lack of training courses, difficulties related to their target public as well as the patients individual traits, difficulties in the maintainability of a pleasant work place and others related to work discontent like lack of time and human resources and a considerable psychological exhaustion derived from the care providing.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia da Saúde e da Doença), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Cuidadores formais Idosos Burnout Prestação de cuidados - 3ª idade Teses de mestrado - 2016