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Fitoterapia no tratamento da asma
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A asma consiste numa inflamação crónica das vias aéreas superiores, o que origina uma limitação no fluxo de ar ao qual se associa, normalmente, um aumento da reatividade brônquica e, consequentemente, alterações estruturais nas vias aéreas. Esta patologia afeta cerca de 300 milhões de pessoas e, a sua sintomatologia caracteriza-se por: dispneia, sibilância, opressão torácica e tosse.
A terapêutica clássica consiste numa abordagem de manutenção da doença, possibilitando ao doente asmático não ter sintomatologia, minimizando assim, o risco de agudizações, quando aplicada corretamente a terapêutica de controlo e de alívio.
A fitoterapia consiste na utilização de plantas medicinais com propriedades preventivas ou curativas, sendo muitas vezes uma terapêutica coadjuvante da medicina convencional. No que diz respeito à associação com a terapêutica para a asma, estudos comprovam que existem várias plantas medicinais cujos compostos ativos apresentam atividade capaz de melhorar a sintomatologia apresentada pelos doentes.
Estes compostos apresentam-se sob diversas formas, desde flavonoides a monoterpenos e, apresentam no seu conjunto propriedades anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes e antiasmáticas, capazes de fazer a modulação do sistema imunitário do doente.
São apresentadas três plantas medicinais com propriedades antiasmáticas: Eucalyptus spp., Nigella sativa e Curcuma longa, que representam no seu conjunto uma abordagem fitoterápica clássica e inovadora.
Neste sentido, foi feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura para apresentar cada espécie, os seus compostos com atividade terapêutica, estudos clínicos efetuados para comprovar as propriedades desejadas e, de que maneira se apresentam neste momento no mercado.
Asthma is a cronic inflammation of the upper airways, that can cause limitation in the airflow, wich is usually associated with an increase in bronchial reactivity and, consequently, structural changes in the airways. This condition affects more than 300 million people worldwide and, is characterized by symptoms such as dyspnea, wheezing, chest thightness and cough. Classic therapy consists of a maintenance approach to the diasease, allowing the asthmatic patient to have no symptoms, thus minimizing the risk of exacerbations, when the control and relief therapy are correctly applied. Phytotherapy consists of the use of medicinal plants with preventive or healing properties and, is a practice used in conjunction with conventional medicine. With regard to the association with asthma therapy, studies show that there are several medicinal plants whose main compounds present activity capable of improving the symptoms presented by patients. These compounds come in different forms, from flavonoids to monoterpenes, and together they have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-asthmatic activities, capable of modulating the patient's immune system. Three species of plants with anti-asthmatic properties will be presented: Eucalyptus spp., Nigella sativa and Curcuma longa, which together represent a classic and innovative phytotherapeutic approach. In this sense, a systematic review of literature was carried out to present each species, its compounds with therapeutic activity, clinical studies carried out to prove the desired properties and, how they are currently on the market.
Asthma is a cronic inflammation of the upper airways, that can cause limitation in the airflow, wich is usually associated with an increase in bronchial reactivity and, consequently, structural changes in the airways. This condition affects more than 300 million people worldwide and, is characterized by symptoms such as dyspnea, wheezing, chest thightness and cough. Classic therapy consists of a maintenance approach to the diasease, allowing the asthmatic patient to have no symptoms, thus minimizing the risk of exacerbations, when the control and relief therapy are correctly applied. Phytotherapy consists of the use of medicinal plants with preventive or healing properties and, is a practice used in conjunction with conventional medicine. With regard to the association with asthma therapy, studies show that there are several medicinal plants whose main compounds present activity capable of improving the symptoms presented by patients. These compounds come in different forms, from flavonoids to monoterpenes, and together they have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-asthmatic activities, capable of modulating the patient's immune system. Three species of plants with anti-asthmatic properties will be presented: Eucalyptus spp., Nigella sativa and Curcuma longa, which together represent a classic and innovative phytotherapeutic approach. In this sense, a systematic review of literature was carried out to present each species, its compounds with therapeutic activity, clinical studies carried out to prove the desired properties and, how they are currently on the market.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia
Palavras-chave
Fitoterapia Asma Complementaridade terapêutica Suplementos Imunomodulação Mestrado Integrado - 2023