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Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Currently, it is estimated that 1–2 million people worldwide are infected with HIV-2, accounting for 3–5% of the global burden of HIV. The course of HIV-2 infection is longer compared to HIV-1 infection, but without effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), a substantial proportion of infected patients will progress to AIDS and die. Antiretroviral drugs in clinical use were designed for HIV-1 and, unfortunately, some do not work as well, or do not work at all, for HIV-2. This is the case for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20), most protease inhibitors (PIs), the attachment inhibitor fostemsavir and most broadly neutralizing antibodies. Integrase inhibitors work well against HIV-2 and are included in first-line therapeutic regimens for HIV-2-infected patients. However, rapid emergence of drug resistance and cross-resistance within each drug class dramatically reduces second-line treatment options. New drugs are needed to treat infection with drug-resistant isolates. Here, we review the therapeutic armamentarium available to treat HIV-2-infected patients, as well as promising drugs in development. We also review HIV-2 drug resistance mutations and resistance pathways that develop in HIV-2-infected patients under treatment.
Descrição
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Palavras-chave
HIV-2 HIV-2 treatment antiretroviral drugs resistance mutations resistance pathways
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Moranguinho I, Taveira N, Bártolo I. Antiretroviral treatment of hiv-2 infection: available drugs, resistance pathways, and promising new compounds. IJMS [Internet]. 21 de março de 2023;24(6):5905. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5905
Editora
MDPI