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O uso da internet pelos políticos em campanhas eleitorais : Portugal legislativas 2015
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta tese investiga o uso da internet pelos políticos em Portugal e tem como caso original a campanha para as legislativas portuguesas de 2015. Sendo um objecto de estudo recente, pouco explorado e com vários aspectos a precisarem de uma observação mais pormenorizada, as mensagens políticas online são, actualmente, um importante meio de campanha em todas as democracias do mundo. Nesta dissertação desenvolvemos uma estrutura teórica e comparativa para o estudo do seu uso e consequências. Nas páginas online e de facebook dos candidatos e partidos analisamos: a) a adaptação dos políticos aos meios online, nos sites e páginas de facebook, e se esta normaliza ou equaliza o equilíbrio de forças dos candidatos, e o uso de mensagens críticas ou negativas e sobre economia e as razões para o que se descreve; b) a centralização e autonomização gerada intra-partidariamente, incluindo os vários níveis de personalização do líder e cobertura de assuntos de âmbito nacional e local; e c) os objectivos das mensagens dos políticos portugueses online, especialmente se evidenciam preocupação com absentismo político dos cidadãos e se procuram criar iniciativas de incentivo à participação. Concluímos que as campanhas online resultam em: 1) normalização de forças entre os partidos a nível nacional; 2) equalização de forças dos partidos locais, entre si e com a sua liderança; 3) total autonomia nos círculos eleitorais e muita diferenciação entre mensagens nacionais e locais do mesmo partido; 4) menos personalização do líder a nível local; 5) menos mensagens incómodas e de economia; e 6) insuficientes inclusão e convite à participação dos cidadãos. Terminamos avançando propostas para potenciar o seu uso e os valores da democracia.
This dissertation researches the use of internet as a campaign tool of political parties during the Portuguese general elections of 2015. Online political campaigning is a recent, new and understudied phenomenon, which has gained widespread importance as an instrument of party and political mobilization throughout the world, in particular in established democracies. In this dissertation, we develop a theoretical and comparative framework for the study of its modes of use, as well as its’ political consequences, having Facebook candidate and party pages as the main empirical source of analysis. In particular, we compare a) patterns of online competition between candidates, in order to assess if the use of internet contributes to change or maintain existing power relations between intra and inter party candidates, and focus on economic themes and/ or negative messages; b) intra-party campaign centralization, leader personalization, and coverage of local and national issues; c) types of motivation for the use of online political communication, in particular strategies and messages directed at curbing electoral abstention. In conclusion we find out that online campaigns results in: 1) normalization of forces between national parties structures; 2) equalization of forces between local parties structures and with their national leaders; 3) total autonomy of local candidates and much difference between national and local messages of the same party; 4) less leader personalization at local level; 5) less economic and negative messages; e 6) inadequate inclusion and citizens mobilization. We end up suggesting proposals for the online use in order to deepen democracy values.
This dissertation researches the use of internet as a campaign tool of political parties during the Portuguese general elections of 2015. Online political campaigning is a recent, new and understudied phenomenon, which has gained widespread importance as an instrument of party and political mobilization throughout the world, in particular in established democracies. In this dissertation, we develop a theoretical and comparative framework for the study of its modes of use, as well as its’ political consequences, having Facebook candidate and party pages as the main empirical source of analysis. In particular, we compare a) patterns of online competition between candidates, in order to assess if the use of internet contributes to change or maintain existing power relations between intra and inter party candidates, and focus on economic themes and/ or negative messages; b) intra-party campaign centralization, leader personalization, and coverage of local and national issues; c) types of motivation for the use of online political communication, in particular strategies and messages directed at curbing electoral abstention. In conclusion we find out that online campaigns results in: 1) normalization of forces between national parties structures; 2) equalization of forces between local parties structures and with their national leaders; 3) total autonomy of local candidates and much difference between national and local messages of the same party; 4) less leader personalization at local level; 5) less economic and negative messages; e 6) inadequate inclusion and citizens mobilization. We end up suggesting proposals for the online use in order to deepen democracy values.
Description
Tese de doutoramento, Ciência Política (Política Comparada), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2018
Keywords
Teses de doutoramento - 2018 Internet Personalização da política Comunicação política Eleições Participação política