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Introduction: Repression and Cooptation in Mass Dictatorship
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A comparative analysis of the institutions of political domination and control
of masi dictatorships highlights some universals regardless of ideoiogical differences
and subtypes: violence toward citizens, political repression and institutions
of coercion ancl integration. It has at been argued several times (but
often forgotten) that repression and integration-cooptation are two itrseparable
instruments of domination in mass dictatorships. In fact, as it has been argued
often, two basic conflicts shape politics in dictatorships (Svolik 2012): the first
is between those who rule and those who are ruled: all dictators face threats
from the masses and the political problem of balancing against the majority
excluded from power is central-the problem of authoritarian coercion ancl
control; yet dictators rarely control enough resources to preclude such challenges
on their own-they therefore typically rule with a number of allies.
Coóptation of elites is always present as well. Even so, both at the elite and
mass level, "violence is an ever-present and the ultimate arbiter of conflicts in
authoritarian politics," shaping the conduct of politics in dictatorships (Svolik
2012). Coercion remains the core feature of dictatorships, and fear, violence,
intirnidation and surveillance are at the core of political domination and of the
maintenance of authoritarianism.
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Pinto, A. C. (2016). Introduction: Repression and Cooptation in Mass Dictatorship. In Corner, Paul, Lim, Jie-Hyun (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Mass Dictatorship, pp. 101-104. London: Palgrave Macmillan