| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.84 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A agricultura é uma fonte de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE), provenientes de várias atividades, incluindo a fertilização dos solos. As emissões de GEE resultantes da fertilização, não só contribuem para as alterações climáticas, como diminuem a quantidade de nutrientes disponíveis para as plantas. A utilização de efluentes pecuários é uma alternativa ao uso de fertilizantes minerais, mas a sua utilização poderá levar ao aumento das emissões de GEE. Neste estudo, foram medidas as emissões de CO2, CH4 e N2O, resultantes da aplicação de efluentes pecuários em substituição parcial da fertilização mineral. Os 5 tratamentos estudados foram: controlo, estrume de bovino, estrume de aves, chorume de bovino, chorume de bovino acidificado. O controlo recebeu 100% do azoto disponível através da fertirrega (fertilizante mineral) e as restantes modalidades receberam 57% do azoto disponível através dos efluentes pecuários e os restantes 43% através da fertirrega. As emissões foram medidas recorrendo ao método da câmara estática e iniciaram-se após a aplicação dos efluentes pecuários, terminando antes da colheita das maçãs (4 de maio - 17 de agosto 2022). Os efluentes pecuários e os solos fertilizados foram analisados e a produção de maçãs foi quantificada. O controlo produziu a mesma quantidade de maçã que os restantes tratamentos, com exceção do estrume de bovino, que produziu menos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre as emissões de CO2 do controlo (160,7 g m-2) e as emissões de CO2 dos restantes tratamentos. O chorume de bovino acidificado (283,3 mg m-2) emitiu mais N2O do que o chorume de bovino bruto (155,9 mg m-2) e ambos emitiram mais N2O do que os restantes tratamentos. O chorume de bovino bruto (638 mg m-2) e o chorume de bovino acidificado (210,3 mg m-2) emitiram mais CH4 do que os restantes tratamentos. A acidificação do chorume de bovino não teve um efeito nas emissões de GEE.
Agriculture is a source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), emitted from several different activities, including the application of fertilizers in the soil. The emission of CO2, CH4 and N2O from fertilization, not only has a negative effect on climate change, but also caps the amount of nutrients available for plants. The application of livestock effluents as fertilizers is an alternative to mineral fertilizers, but their use can increase GHG emissions. In this study, we measured the GHG (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions from the application of livestock effluents in partial substitution with mineral fertilization (drip irrigation). The 5 treatments studied were: control, poultry manure, cattle manure, raw cattle slurry and acidified cattle slurry. Control received 100% of mineral nitrogen from inorganic fertilizers and the other treatments received 43% of mineral nitrogen from inorganic fertilizers and 57% from livestock effluents. The CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were measured using the static chamber method and started after fertilization, ending before fruit picking (4th of march - 17th of august 2022). The fertilized soils and livestock effluents were analyzed, and the apple yields were quantified. There were no differences significant between apple yield under control and under the other treatments, except for cattle manure, which yielded the least. No significant (p<0,05) differences were found in CO2 emissions under control (160,7 g m-2) and under every other treatment. Acidified cattle slurry (283,23 mg m-2) emitted more N2O than raw cattle slurry (155,9 mg m-2) and both emitted significantly more N2O than the other treatments. Raw cattle slurry (638 mg m-2) and acidified cattle slurry (210,3 mg m-2) emitted more CH4 than all the other treatments. The acidification of cattle slurry didn’t show an effect on GHG emissions.
Agriculture is a source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), emitted from several different activities, including the application of fertilizers in the soil. The emission of CO2, CH4 and N2O from fertilization, not only has a negative effect on climate change, but also caps the amount of nutrients available for plants. The application of livestock effluents as fertilizers is an alternative to mineral fertilizers, but their use can increase GHG emissions. In this study, we measured the GHG (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions from the application of livestock effluents in partial substitution with mineral fertilization (drip irrigation). The 5 treatments studied were: control, poultry manure, cattle manure, raw cattle slurry and acidified cattle slurry. Control received 100% of mineral nitrogen from inorganic fertilizers and the other treatments received 43% of mineral nitrogen from inorganic fertilizers and 57% from livestock effluents. The CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were measured using the static chamber method and started after fertilization, ending before fruit picking (4th of march - 17th of august 2022). The fertilized soils and livestock effluents were analyzed, and the apple yields were quantified. There were no differences significant between apple yield under control and under the other treatments, except for cattle manure, which yielded the least. No significant (p<0,05) differences were found in CO2 emissions under control (160,7 g m-2) and under every other treatment. Acidified cattle slurry (283,23 mg m-2) emitted more N2O than raw cattle slurry (155,9 mg m-2) and both emitted significantly more N2O than the other treatments. Raw cattle slurry (638 mg m-2) and acidified cattle slurry (210,3 mg m-2) emitted more CH4 than all the other treatments. The acidification of cattle slurry didn’t show an effect on GHG emissions.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Keywords
emissões pomar estrume chorume gases com efeito de estufa emissions orchard manure slurry greenhouse gases
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Mata, M.R. Estudo da variabilidade temporal das emissões de CO2, CH4 e N2O num pomar fertilizado com efluentes pecuários. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa