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Futebol, trabalho e associativismo nos bairros operários de Lisboa: as origens do Oriental (1911-1946)
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Resumo(s)
Ao longo do século XX, o desenvolvimento urbano de Lisboa e o crescimento da sua indústria
estimularam a criação de uma nova classe trabalhadora, largamente oriunda do interior do país.
No seu processo de adaptação ao novo espaço urbano, a um novo quotidiano laboral e a novas
relações de sociabilidade, as associações desportivas desempenharam um papel importante. A
relação entre crescimento urbano, desenvolvimento industrial e associativismo desportivo,
porém, tem sido praticamente ignorada pela historiografia portuguesa. Por esta razão, propomos
um novo foco para estas instituições desportivas no estudo desses processos, utilizando a área
de Marvila e Beato, em Lisboa, e os seus três clubes mais marcantes, como laboratório para o
período de 1911 a 1946 – nomeadamente, Chelas, Marvilense e Fósforos, que se fundiram para
criação do Clube Oriental de Lisboa no final desta cronologia.
Os clubes de futebol dos bairros operários mediaram e condicionaram as relações
laborais, substituíram-se ao Estado em dimensões essenciais (da promoção das práticas físicas
à educação) e promoveram a identificação da população com o espaço físico e “imaginado” do
bairro, tornando-se uma importante base para a formação de sociabilidades e criação ou reforço
das identidades sociais. Mas também foram, particularmente nos contextos operários, espaços
de negociação de poder, sendo promovidos por industriais ou empresários para ter alguma
influência sobre os trabalhadores, procurados pelos trabalhadores para estes terem o seu espaço
nas dinâmicas sociais da comunidade, por movimentos políticos em busca de redes de
influência e por um Estado vigilante face ao pensamento subversivo (em particular, no Estado
Novo). Procuramos, aqui, retratar a multidimensionalidade dos clubes na vida e no quotidiano
dos bairros, estando eles também no centro do confronto de diferentes conceções de desporto e
do acesso universal ao mesmo.
Throughout the 20th century, the urban development of Lisbon and the growth of its industry prompted the creation of a new working class, largely travelling from the inner country. Sports clubs played an important role in the process of their adaptation to the new urban space, to a new work routine and to new social relations. However, the relationship between urban growth, industrial development and sports associations has been practically overlooked by Portuguese historiography. For this reason, we propose a refocus of these sporting institutions in the study of these processes, using the area of Marvila and Beato, in Lisbon, and its three most notable clubs, as a laboratory for the 1911-1946 period – namely, Chelas, Marvilense and Fósforos, which merged to create Clube Oriental de Lisboa at the end of this chronology. Football clubs in working-class neighborhoods mediated and conditioned labor relations, replaced the State in essential dimensions (such as education and promoting physical practices) and furthered the identification of the population with the physical and “imagined” space of the neighborhood, becoming an important basis for sociability and the creation or reinforcement of social identities. They were also, particularly in working-class contexts, spaces for negotiating power, being promoted by industrialists or businessmen to have some influence over workers, sought out by workers to have their space in the social dynamics of the community, by political movements in search of networks of influence and a vigilant State in the face of subversive thinking (in particular, in the Estado Novo). Here we seek to portray the multidimensionality of clubs in the life and daily life of neighborhoods, as they are also at the center of the confrontation of different conceptions of sport and universal access to it.
Throughout the 20th century, the urban development of Lisbon and the growth of its industry prompted the creation of a new working class, largely travelling from the inner country. Sports clubs played an important role in the process of their adaptation to the new urban space, to a new work routine and to new social relations. However, the relationship between urban growth, industrial development and sports associations has been practically overlooked by Portuguese historiography. For this reason, we propose a refocus of these sporting institutions in the study of these processes, using the area of Marvila and Beato, in Lisbon, and its three most notable clubs, as a laboratory for the 1911-1946 period – namely, Chelas, Marvilense and Fósforos, which merged to create Clube Oriental de Lisboa at the end of this chronology. Football clubs in working-class neighborhoods mediated and conditioned labor relations, replaced the State in essential dimensions (such as education and promoting physical practices) and furthered the identification of the population with the physical and “imagined” space of the neighborhood, becoming an important basis for sociability and the creation or reinforcement of social identities. They were also, particularly in working-class contexts, spaces for negotiating power, being promoted by industrialists or businessmen to have some influence over workers, sought out by workers to have their space in the social dynamics of the community, by political movements in search of networks of influence and a vigilant State in the face of subversive thinking (in particular, in the Estado Novo). Here we seek to portray the multidimensionality of clubs in the life and daily life of neighborhoods, as they are also at the center of the confrontation of different conceptions of sport and universal access to it.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Futebol Associativismo Indústria Cultura operária Lisboa