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Otimização da produção do espargo verde: controlo da praga helicícola
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O espargo (Asparagus officinalis L.) é uma cultura com interesse crescente em Portugal. Tem um elevado valor acrescentado e uma boa adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas, no entanto exige um elevado conhecimento técnico e é exigente em termos de mão de obra no período de colheita.
O objetivo do estudo foi o controlo de uma das pragas da cultura, o caracol. As principais limitações da produção de espargo verde identificadas na exploração em estudo foram o controlo desta praga, que chega a causar 30 a 50% de perdas, e a mão de obra (principalmente para colheita), sendo que posteriormente também se identificou que o controlo das infestantes era um problema.
Foram testados dois moluscicidas, sulfato de ferro e fosfato férrico, em três doses diferentes (5, 10 e 15 g/m2) através da aplicação repetida dos produtos durante o período de junho a julho e concomitante monitorização da evolução da praga. Estes tratamentos foram replicados em três parcelas diferentes de modo a ter três repetições. Apesar da tentativa de escolher parcelas homogéneas, com o desenvolvimento da cultura e infestantes percebeu-se que os locais selecionados eram muito heterogéneos, havendo desenvolvimentos muito diferentes das plantas de espargo e das infestantes.
Apesar de parte dos resultados parecer indicar que poderá haver um efeito positivo da aplicação de Ferramol (fosfato férrico) e sulfato de ferro em doses elevadas (15 g/m2), na medida em que levaram a uma redução do número de plantas danificadas, esta não é uma conclusão que se possa retirar. Houve muitos fatores externos que interferiram com o ensaio, nomeadamente presença de formigas, diferentes desenvolvimentos e controlos das infestantes na linha e entrelinha, bem como o diferente desenvolvimento das espargueiras.
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a crop of growing interest in Portugal. It has a high added value and a good adaptation to soil and climate conditions, however it requires a high technical knowledge and it is labour demanding in the harvest period. The aim of the study was control one of the pests of this crop, the snail. The main constraints in green asparagus production identified on the farm in study were the control of this pest, which causes losses of up to 30 to 50%, and labour (mainly for harvesting), and, subsequently, weed control was also identified as a problem. Two molluscicides were tested, iron sulphate and iron phosphate, at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15 g/ m2) through repeated application of the products during the period from June to July and concomitant monitoring of the evolution of the pest. These treatments were replicated in three different plots in order to have three repetitions. Despite the attempt to choose homogeneous plots, with the development of the crop and weeds it was noticed that the selected sites were very heterogeneous, with very different developments of asparagus plants and weeds. Although part of the results seem to indicate that there could be a positive effect from applying Ferramol (iron phosphate) and iron sulphate in high concentrations (15 g/ m2), in the sense that they led to a reduction in the number of damaged plants, this is not a conclusion that can be drawn. There were many external factors that interfered with the trial, including the presence of ants, different development and control of weeds in the row and between the rows, as well as the different development of the asparagus plants.
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a crop of growing interest in Portugal. It has a high added value and a good adaptation to soil and climate conditions, however it requires a high technical knowledge and it is labour demanding in the harvest period. The aim of the study was control one of the pests of this crop, the snail. The main constraints in green asparagus production identified on the farm in study were the control of this pest, which causes losses of up to 30 to 50%, and labour (mainly for harvesting), and, subsequently, weed control was also identified as a problem. Two molluscicides were tested, iron sulphate and iron phosphate, at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15 g/ m2) through repeated application of the products during the period from June to July and concomitant monitoring of the evolution of the pest. These treatments were replicated in three different plots in order to have three repetitions. Despite the attempt to choose homogeneous plots, with the development of the crop and weeds it was noticed that the selected sites were very heterogeneous, with very different developments of asparagus plants and weeds. Although part of the results seem to indicate that there could be a positive effect from applying Ferramol (iron phosphate) and iron sulphate in high concentrations (15 g/ m2), in the sense that they led to a reduction in the number of damaged plants, this is not a conclusion that can be drawn. There were many external factors that interfered with the trial, including the presence of ants, different development and control of weeds in the row and between the rows, as well as the different development of the asparagus plants.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Keywords
Asparagus officinalis L. caracol moluscicida fosfato férrico sulfato de ferro snail moluscicide iron phosphate iron sulphate
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Castro, B.S.F.C. Otimização da produção do espargo verde: controlo da praga helicícola. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2023. Dissertação de Mestrado
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa