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Uma das rapinas mais ameaças de extinção é a águia-imperial-ibérica (Aquila adalberti, Brehm 1861), endémica da Península Ibérica. O seu padrão de coloração é a sua imagem de marca com manchas brancas nos ombros dos indivíduos adultos e corpo negro. Em Portugal, esta espécie surge como criticamente em perigo e já foi dada como extinta no país até em 2003 um indivíduo ter estabelecido território em Portugal e marcado a recolonização da espécie no nosso país. Devido a inúmeras medidas conservacionistas, a tendência da população portuguesa é a de aumentar face aos esforços na requalificação nas zonas de alimentação e nidificação, a mitigação das principais ameaças. Actualmente, estima-se que existam no país cerca de 13 casais reprodutores de águia-imperial, desconhecendo-se o número de jovens imaturos. Os seus territórios espalham-se pelo sudoeste de Portugal tendo dois principais núcleos de ocorrência nas regiões Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional e do Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana.
Verificam-se vários problemas ao nível da identificação de cadáveres já decompostos, que são encontrados no campo, e que a análise das características anatómicas e biometrias das ossadas encontradas são as únicas formas de dar uma identidade aquele resto ósseo. Aquila adalberti, apresenta dimorfismo sexual ao nível do tamanho do indivíduos e, simultaneamente, relativamente ao esqueleto, é facilmente confundida com alguns ossos de outras espécies de águias: águia-real, águia-de-bonelli e águia cobreira. É meu objectivo perceber as diferenças entre os dois sexos de Aquila adalberti e, mais ainda, encontrar características que permitam diferenciar esta espécie das suas similares.
Encontrei dimorfismo sexual em Aquila adalberti, sendo a fêmea de dimensão um pouco maior. Para o estudo do dimorfismo sexual os ossos mais diagnosticantes são o esterno, pélvis e ossos das asas. Na diferenciação das espécies, percebi através da análise estatística que os ossos mais diagnósticos são o crânio, esterno, pélvis e fémur. As medidas mais relevantes são o comprimento máximo do osso em questão, e ainda a largura epífise proximal do úmero e largura da região superior da pélvis.
Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti, Brehm 1861) is one of the most threatened birds of prey. The species is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. It’s body is black and has white patches on the shoulders of adults. In Portugal, this species is considered critically endangered and had an extinct status, when in 2003 an individual established territory in Portugal and marked the recolonization of the species in our country. Since then, and due to numerous conservation measures, the trend of the Portuguese population is to increase face to efforts in upgrading the feeding grounds and nesting and the mitigation of threats. Currently, it is estimated that there are about 13 breeding pairs of imperial eagle, but the number of immatures is unknown. Their territories spreads to the southwest of Portugal with two main nuclei in the regions of Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional and Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana. There are several problems with the identification of bodies of large eagles already decomposed, which are found in the field. Anatomical features and biometrics of bones can be used to identify the species to which the remains belong. Aquila adalberti, shows sexual dimorphism in terms of the size of individuals and it’s decomposed remains are easily confused with those of other eagles: golden eagle, Bonelli's Eagle and short-toed eagle. It is my goal to determine the differences between the two sexes and to find features for distinguishing this species from their counterparts. I found that there is indeed a sexual size dimorphism in Aquila adalberti, with females being slightly larger. Sexual dimorphism is evident in bones of wing and sternum and pelvis. In species differentiation, I determined through statistical analysis that the most diagnostic parts of the skeleton are the skull, sternum, pelvis, and femur. The most relevant measures are the maximum length of the bone in question, and also the widths of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus and of the upper part of the pelvis.
Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti, Brehm 1861) is one of the most threatened birds of prey. The species is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. It’s body is black and has white patches on the shoulders of adults. In Portugal, this species is considered critically endangered and had an extinct status, when in 2003 an individual established territory in Portugal and marked the recolonization of the species in our country. Since then, and due to numerous conservation measures, the trend of the Portuguese population is to increase face to efforts in upgrading the feeding grounds and nesting and the mitigation of threats. Currently, it is estimated that there are about 13 breeding pairs of imperial eagle, but the number of immatures is unknown. Their territories spreads to the southwest of Portugal with two main nuclei in the regions of Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional and Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana. There are several problems with the identification of bodies of large eagles already decomposed, which are found in the field. Anatomical features and biometrics of bones can be used to identify the species to which the remains belong. Aquila adalberti, shows sexual dimorphism in terms of the size of individuals and it’s decomposed remains are easily confused with those of other eagles: golden eagle, Bonelli's Eagle and short-toed eagle. It is my goal to determine the differences between the two sexes and to find features for distinguishing this species from their counterparts. I found that there is indeed a sexual size dimorphism in Aquila adalberti, with females being slightly larger. Sexual dimorphism is evident in bones of wing and sternum and pelvis. In species differentiation, I determined through statistical analysis that the most diagnostic parts of the skeleton are the skull, sternum, pelvis, and femur. The most relevant measures are the maximum length of the bone in question, and also the widths of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus and of the upper part of the pelvis.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Biologia da Conservação, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2015
Palavras-chave
Aquila adalberti Osteologia Biometrias Características anatómicas Identificação Conservação Teses de mestrado - 2015
