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Environmental risk of diclofenac in European groundwaters and implications for environmental quality standards

dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Cláudia
dc.contributor.authorDi Lorenzo, Tiziana
dc.contributor.authorSofia Reboleira, Ana
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-20T11:39:10Z
dc.date.available2024-12-20T11:39:10Z
dc.date.issued2024-09
dc.description.abstractGroundwater harbours unique species adapted to perpetual darkness. Groundwater fauna plays a crucial role in global ecosystem services, but contamination poses a threat to this keystone ecosystem. Diclofenac is a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of particular concern, due to its presence in both surface and groundwater. We assess the environmental risk of diclofenac in European groundwaters using different scenarios, analyzing Measured Environmental Concentrations (MECs) of diclofenac and estimating the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNECs) through two approaches: considering the sensitivity of the groundwater crustacean Proasellus lusitanicus (Isopoda: Asellidae), and using surface water species as proxies. Our results show that scenarios based on surrogate species predict that groundwater ecosystems are at risk due to diclofenac contamination. On the other hand, the MECs of diclofenac were consistently lower than the PNEC of P. lusitanicus, suggesting that the current MECs do not pose a significant threat to this groundwater-adapted species. However, risk scenarios differ considering the sensitivity of other groundwater species, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple species’ sensitivities in risk assessment. Therefore, we recommend establishing an environmental quality standard for diclofenac in groundwater at 5 ng/L, a value that accounts the need for precautionary measures to safeguard groundwater ecosystems, essential for preserving their unique biota and services.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationDuarte, C., Di Lorenzo, T. & Reboleira, A.S.P.S. Environmental risk of diclofenac in European groundwaters and implications for environmental quality standards. Sci Rep 14, 20689 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71747-ypt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-024-71747-ypt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/96548
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherNaturept_PT
dc.relationproject "Sustainability of subterranean ecosystems" financed by the Cooperation protocol with the Municipality of Alcanena, and by Portuguese National Funds through “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT) within the cE3c Unit funding UIDB/00329/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020)pt_PT
dc.relationBiodiversa+ DarCo, the European Biodiversity Partnership under the 2021–2022 BiodivProtect joint call for research proposals, co-funded by the European Commission (GA N°101052342)pt_PT
dc.relationMinistry of Universities and Research (Italy), Agencia Estatal de Investigación – Fundación Biodiversidad (Spain), Fundo Regional para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), Suomen Akatemia – Ministry of the Environment (Finland), Belgian Science Policy Office (Belgium), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft e.V. – BMBF-VDI/VDE INNOVATION + TECHNIK GMBH (Germany), Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Switzerland), Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Austria), Ministry of Education, Science and Sport (Slovenia), and the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (Romania)pt_PT
dc.relationNBFC to CNR, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, P.N.R.R., Missione 4 Componente 2, “Dalla ricerca all’impresa”, Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033.pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.titleEnvironmental risk of diclofenac in European groundwaters and implications for environmental quality standardspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleScientific Reportspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume14pt_PT
person.familyNameReboleira
person.givenNameAna Sofia
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4756-7034
person.identifier.ridB-3459-2010
person.identifier.scopus-author-id26656156700
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication983883cf-68d0-4a90-bb36-984884a37de5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery983883cf-68d0-4a90-bb36-984884a37de5

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