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A política externa brasileira (PEB) nos brics : entre a autonomia política e a dependência econômica
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A Política Externa Brasileira(PEB) adotada nos anos 2003-2014 apresentou desafios de análise pertinentes pelo fato que a alternância de poder que ocorreu com os governos Luís Inácio Lula da Silva I e II(2003-2010) e Dilma Rousseff (2010-2014) significou uma mudança na Política Externa redirecionando as prioridades das relações com países do eixo Sul-Sul, diferentemente da política de alinhamento automático de anos anteriores como na década de 1990. Esta mudança que ocorreu pela busca da construção de outra hegemonia, fez com que o Brasil participasse ativamente na formação dos países BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul) como um dos objetivos estratégicos no balanceamento das forças políticas internacionais. A atuação do Brasil nos BRICS, segundo nossa perspectiva, tem como base de análise tais pontos: (a) O fortalecimento de um campo político na busca por mudanças nas instituições criadas após as Conferências de Brenton Woods, como o Banco Mundial (BM), Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI) e a Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), agindo em parceria com outros países em desenvolvimento; (b) Interação e diversificação no campo econômico com o aumento dos fluxos comerciais para os países do eixo Sul-Sul; (c) Pautas de convergências/divergências dos países BRICS na ONU. Entre as relações que o Brasil criou no âmbito dos BRICS, as relações Sino Brasileiras merecem destaque de análise. O aprofundamento das relações Brasil-China passou a ser prioridade nos fluxos comerciais e na atração de projetos e investimentos no país. A decisão política de maior cooperação com a China trouxe também consequências para a economia brasileira. A balança comercial pautada nas exportações de produtos de baixo valor agregado(commodities) e as importações de bens manufaturados colocou o Brasil numa posição de desvantagem comercial que afetou sua indústria e seu entorno geográfico na América Latina. Dessa maneira, evidenciamos uma nova forma de construção de um modelo de dependência. A dualidade entre a autonomia política e dependência econômica se destaca como o principal objetivo de nossa análise.
The Brazilian Foreign Policy (BFP) adopted in the years 2003-2014 presented analytical challenges to studies in Political Science and International Relations. First of all, the alternation of power that occurred with the governments Luís Inácio Lula da Silva I and II (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2010-2014) meant a change in foreign policy, redirecting the priorities in relations with countries in the South-South axis, no longer adopting the automatic alignment policy of the 1990s. This change, which occurred in the search for the construction of another hegemony, led Brazil to participate actively in the formation of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) as one of the strategic objectives in balancing international political forces. Brazil's role in BRICS, according to our perspective, is based on these points: (a) Strengthening of a political force in the search for changes in institutions created after the Brenton Woods Conferences, such as the World Bank, The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), working in partnership with other developing countries; (b) Interaction and diversification in the economic field with increased trade flows to South-South axis countries; (c) Oscillating between voting with and against other BRICS countries in the UN. Among the relations that Brazil created within the scope of the BRICS, the Sino-Brazilian relationship deserves emphasis in our research. The deepening of Brazil China relations has become a priority in trade flows as well as for economic projects and investments in the country. The political decision to increase cooperation with China has had significant consequences for the Brazilian economy. The trade balance based on exports of low value products (commodities) and imports of manufactured goods placed Brazil in a position of commercial disadvantage that affected its industry and its dominance in Latin America. In this way, we point to a new way of constructing a dependency model. The duality between political autonomy and economic dependence stands out as the main objective of our analysis.
The Brazilian Foreign Policy (BFP) adopted in the years 2003-2014 presented analytical challenges to studies in Political Science and International Relations. First of all, the alternation of power that occurred with the governments Luís Inácio Lula da Silva I and II (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2010-2014) meant a change in foreign policy, redirecting the priorities in relations with countries in the South-South axis, no longer adopting the automatic alignment policy of the 1990s. This change, which occurred in the search for the construction of another hegemony, led Brazil to participate actively in the formation of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) as one of the strategic objectives in balancing international political forces. Brazil's role in BRICS, according to our perspective, is based on these points: (a) Strengthening of a political force in the search for changes in institutions created after the Brenton Woods Conferences, such as the World Bank, The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), working in partnership with other developing countries; (b) Interaction and diversification in the economic field with increased trade flows to South-South axis countries; (c) Oscillating between voting with and against other BRICS countries in the UN. Among the relations that Brazil created within the scope of the BRICS, the Sino-Brazilian relationship deserves emphasis in our research. The deepening of Brazil China relations has become a priority in trade flows as well as for economic projects and investments in the country. The political decision to increase cooperation with China has had significant consequences for the Brazilian economy. The trade balance based on exports of low value products (commodities) and imports of manufactured goods placed Brazil in a position of commercial disadvantage that affected its industry and its dominance in Latin America. In this way, we point to a new way of constructing a dependency model. The duality between political autonomy and economic dependence stands out as the main objective of our analysis.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Ciência Política (Relações Internacionais), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2018
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2018 Política externa Autonomia política Brasil China