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Tecnologias de Reciclagem de Painéis Fotovoltaicos
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A rápida expansão da energia solar como um recurso renovável fundamental levou ao aumento
substancial da utilização de módulos fotovoltaicos ao nível global (40 GW em 2010 para 1000 GW em
2022). Devido a estes módulos terem um tempo de vida útil de 25-30 anos, a importância da sua
reciclagem tornou-se cada vez mais urgente. A reciclagem neste contexto é fundamental para mitigar os
impactos ambientais associados à sua eliminação, recuperar materiais valiosos e promover uma
economia circular no setor das energias renováveis. O principal objetivo é recuperar materiais e metais
raros que são essenciais para a produção de novos módulos, reduzindo assim a necessidade de extração
de material virgem. Adicionalmente, a reciclagem ajuda a minimizar a pegada ecológica da indústria
inerente, evitando a acumulação de resíduos perigosos em aterros e reduzindo as emissões de gases com
efeito de estufa. O processo de reciclagem também está alinhado com os objetivos globais de
sustentabilidade, contribuindo para a gestão responsável dos recursos e apoiando a transição para uma
economia de baixo carbono. Contudo, a implementação bem-sucedida deste tipo de reciclagem em larga
escala requer a superação de desafios técnicos, económicos e regulamentares. Os avanços nas
tecnologias de reciclagem, o desenvolvimento de práticas industriais padronizadas e o estabelecimento
de regulamentação abrangente são cruciais para melhorar a eficiência e a relação custo-benefício das
operações envolvidas. A reciclagem é essencial para a sustentabilidade ambiental, como também para o
crescimento contínuo da indústria da energia solar. Ao integrar a reciclagem no ciclo de vida dos
módulos fotovoltaicos, a indústria pode reduzir o seu impacto ambiental, conservar recursos e assegurar
um fornecimento sustentável de materiais essenciais para as futuras gerações de módulos, de modo que
o mercado continue a expandir-se, a adotar práticas de reciclagem generalizadas e eficientes, o que será
vital para manter o equilíbrio entre o crescimento das energias renováveis e a gestão ambiental.
The rapid expansion of solar energy as a key renewable resource has led to a substantial increase in the use of photovoltaic modules globally (40 GW in 2010 to 1000 GW in 2022). Because these modules have a lifespan of 25-30 years, the importance of recycling them has become increasingly urgent. Recycling in this context is key to mitigating the environmental impacts associated with their disposal, recovering valuable materials and promoting a circular economy in the renewable energy sector. The main objective is to recover rare materials and metals that are essential for the production of new modules, thus reducing the need to extract virgin material. In addition, recycling helps to minimise the industry's inherent ecological footprint, avoiding the accumulation of hazardous waste in landfills and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The recycling process is also aligned with global sustainability goals, contributing to responsible resource management and supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy. However, the successful implementation of this type of recycling on a large scale requires overcoming technical, economic and regulatory challenges. Advances in recycling technologies, the development of standardised industrial practices and the establishment of comprehensive regulations are crucial to improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the operations involved. Recycling is essential for environmental sustainability, as well as for the continued growth of the solar energy industry. By integrating recycling into the life cycle of photovoltaic modules, the industry can reduce its environmental impact, conserve resources and ensure a sustainable supply of essential materials for future generations of modules, so that the market continues to expand, adopting widespread and efficient recycling practices, which will be vital to maintaining the balance between renewable energy growth and environmental stewardship.
The rapid expansion of solar energy as a key renewable resource has led to a substantial increase in the use of photovoltaic modules globally (40 GW in 2010 to 1000 GW in 2022). Because these modules have a lifespan of 25-30 years, the importance of recycling them has become increasingly urgent. Recycling in this context is key to mitigating the environmental impacts associated with their disposal, recovering valuable materials and promoting a circular economy in the renewable energy sector. The main objective is to recover rare materials and metals that are essential for the production of new modules, thus reducing the need to extract virgin material. In addition, recycling helps to minimise the industry's inherent ecological footprint, avoiding the accumulation of hazardous waste in landfills and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The recycling process is also aligned with global sustainability goals, contributing to responsible resource management and supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy. However, the successful implementation of this type of recycling on a large scale requires overcoming technical, economic and regulatory challenges. Advances in recycling technologies, the development of standardised industrial practices and the establishment of comprehensive regulations are crucial to improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the operations involved. Recycling is essential for environmental sustainability, as well as for the continued growth of the solar energy industry. By integrating recycling into the life cycle of photovoltaic modules, the industry can reduce its environmental impact, conserve resources and ensure a sustainable supply of essential materials for future generations of modules, so that the market continues to expand, adopting widespread and efficient recycling practices, which will be vital to maintaining the balance between renewable energy growth and environmental stewardship.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Reciclagem Economia verde Painéis fotovoltaicos Impacto ambiental Fim de vida Teses de mestrado - 2024