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Influências genéticas nas características da carcaça e carne em bovinos
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Resumo(s)
A seleção das características da carcaça e da qualidade da carne, que são normalmente
avaliadas post-mortem, é complicada, pelo que a utilização de marcadores moleculares
pode constituir uma estratégia alternativa no melhoramento genético animal.
Neste trabalho utilizaram-se 273 amostras de bovinos de 9 raças/populações provenientes
do Brasil (Angus, Holstein, Simental, cruzados Pardo Suíço x Holstein, Montana, cruzados
Guzerá x Holstein, Gir, Nelore e Tabapuã) e de 211 amostras de animais das raças Blanc
Bleu Belge (BBB), Alentejana e Mertolenga explorados em Portugal, com o objetivo de
proceder à sua caracterização genética em 20 SNP’s (CAPN316, CAPN530, CAPN4751,
CAPN4753, CAPN5331, CAST257, CAST2959, LEP140, LEP252, LEP305, UASMS1,
UASMS2, UASMS3, nt414, nt419, Q204X, E226X, nt821, E291X, C313Y) pertencentes aos
genes da calpaína, calpastatina, leptina e miostatina.
As frequências genotípicas e alélicas dos SNP’s localizados nos genes codificadores da
calpaína (μ-calpaína) e calpastatina mostraram distribuições muito semelhantes às
encontradas por outros autores. No gene da Leptina, as diferenças observadas entre os
animais provenientes do Brasil e de Portugal, sugere que estes grupos de animais têm
influências genéticas distintas (Bos indicus e Bos taurus) e que, possivelmente, possam ter
sido sujeitos a processos de seleção diferentes.
Na raça Mertolenga o genótipo ++ do SNP nt821 do GDF8 está associado com melhores
valores genéticos para a capacidade maternal, capacidade de crescimento e longevidade
produtiva, mas com piores valores genéticos para o intervalo entre parto.
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que há um efeito da congelação nas características
físicas da carne (cor, força de corte, capacidade de retenção de água e pH).
A tenrura da carne é influenciada pelos genótipos dos marcadores CAPN316, CAPN4751,
CAST2 e LEP140, com diferenças máximas do valor da FC de 2,35Kgf, 4,96Kgf, 5,24kgF, e
9,04Kgf, respetivamente. O marcador UASMS3 tem influência na percentagem de AGM
trans da carne de animais da raça Alentejana, enquanto os marcadores CAPN530 e LEP252
têm influência na percentagem de AGS C16:0 e AGCL n3 da carne de animais da raça
Mertolenga.
Os resultados obtidos confirmam a utilidade dos marcadores estudados no melhoramento
genético e que as raças bovinas Alentejana e Mertolenga têm condições para incorporar
marcadores genéticos para a qualidade da carne e da carcaça nos seus programas de
seleção
ABSTRACT - The selection of the carcass characteristics and meat quality, which are normally evaluated postmortem is complicated, hence the use of molecular markers can provide an alternative strategy in animal breeding. This work was performed using a total sampling of 273 animals from 9 cattle breeds/populations from Brazil (Angus, Holstein, Simental, Pardo Suíço x Holstein crossbreed, Montana, Guzerá x Holstein crossbreed, Gir, Nelore and Tabapuã) and 211 animals from Blanc Bleu Belge (BBB) and to Portuguese - Alentejana and Mertolenga - breeds, in order to assess its genetic characterization in 20 SNP (CAPN316; CAPN530; CAPN4751; CAPN4753; CAPN5331; CAST257; CAST2959; LEP140; LEP252; LEP305; UASMS1; UASMS2; UASMS3; nt414; nt419; Q204X; E226X; nt821; E291X; C313Y) located within the calpain, calpastatin, leptin and myostatin genes. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of SNP's located within the genes coding for calpain (μ-calpain) and calpastatin showed very similar distributions to those found by other authors. In the leptin gene, the differences observed between the animals from Brazil and Portugal, suggested that these groups of animals have distinct genetic influences (Bos indicus and Bos taurus), and possibly may have been subject to different selection processes. In the breed Mertolenga the ++ genotype in SNP nt821 within GDF8 gene is associated with better genetic maternal ability, growth capacity and productive longevity values, but with worse breeding values for calving interval. The results have shown that freezing caused an effect on the physical characteristics of the meat (color, shear force, water holding capacity and pH), but with some differences among breeds. The meat tenderness is influenced by genotypes of markers CAPN316, CAPN4751, CAST2 and LEP140, with maximum differences of the FC value of 2.35 Kgf, 4.96 Kgf, 5.24 kgF and 9,04 Kgf, respectively. The UASMS3 marker influences the percentage of trans AGM of the meat of Alentejana breed, while CAPN530 and LEP252 markers influence the percentage of SFA C16: 0 and n3 LCFA of the Mertolenga meet. The results confirm the usefulness of genetic markers for genetic improvement, and show that breeds Alentejana and Mertolenga may be amenable to incorporate genetic conditions for meat and carcass quality in their programs of selection markers.
ABSTRACT - The selection of the carcass characteristics and meat quality, which are normally evaluated postmortem is complicated, hence the use of molecular markers can provide an alternative strategy in animal breeding. This work was performed using a total sampling of 273 animals from 9 cattle breeds/populations from Brazil (Angus, Holstein, Simental, Pardo Suíço x Holstein crossbreed, Montana, Guzerá x Holstein crossbreed, Gir, Nelore and Tabapuã) and 211 animals from Blanc Bleu Belge (BBB) and to Portuguese - Alentejana and Mertolenga - breeds, in order to assess its genetic characterization in 20 SNP (CAPN316; CAPN530; CAPN4751; CAPN4753; CAPN5331; CAST257; CAST2959; LEP140; LEP252; LEP305; UASMS1; UASMS2; UASMS3; nt414; nt419; Q204X; E226X; nt821; E291X; C313Y) located within the calpain, calpastatin, leptin and myostatin genes. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of SNP's located within the genes coding for calpain (μ-calpain) and calpastatin showed very similar distributions to those found by other authors. In the leptin gene, the differences observed between the animals from Brazil and Portugal, suggested that these groups of animals have distinct genetic influences (Bos indicus and Bos taurus), and possibly may have been subject to different selection processes. In the breed Mertolenga the ++ genotype in SNP nt821 within GDF8 gene is associated with better genetic maternal ability, growth capacity and productive longevity values, but with worse breeding values for calving interval. The results have shown that freezing caused an effect on the physical characteristics of the meat (color, shear force, water holding capacity and pH), but with some differences among breeds. The meat tenderness is influenced by genotypes of markers CAPN316, CAPN4751, CAST2 and LEP140, with maximum differences of the FC value of 2.35 Kgf, 4.96 Kgf, 5.24 kgF and 9,04 Kgf, respectively. The UASMS3 marker influences the percentage of trans AGM of the meat of Alentejana breed, while CAPN530 and LEP252 markers influence the percentage of SFA C16: 0 and n3 LCFA of the Mertolenga meet. The results confirm the usefulness of genetic markers for genetic improvement, and show that breeds Alentejana and Mertolenga may be amenable to incorporate genetic conditions for meat and carcass quality in their programs of selection markers.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias - Especialidade de Produção Animal
Palavras-chave
Bovinos genes candidatos SNP Qualidade da carne associação entre variáveis bovine candidate genes meat quality association studies
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Carolino, M.I.A.C.M. (2015). Influências genéticas nas características da carcaça e carne em bovinos. Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária