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Infeções por rotavírus e norovírus: patogénese e diagnóstico
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Resumo(s)
A lista de viroses gastrointestinais descobertas recentemente está a expandir rapidamente e o trato gastrointestinal é um órgão vulnerável para infeções pois há contato constante com o exterior, principalmente por via oral. Rotavírus e Norovírus são vírus responsáveis por causar infeções gastrointestinais, tendo como sintoma principal a diarreia e afetam especialmente crianças com idade inferior a cinco anos. São ubíquos em todo o mundo e a sua transmissão mais provável é por contacto pessoa-a-pessoa ou por via fecal-oral. Estima-se que o seu período de incubação seja de 48 horas e os principais sintomas são vómitos, diarreia, febre e desidratação. O tratamento tem como objetivo repor os líquidos de forma a corrigir o desequilíbrio eletrolítico e ácido-base. Para o Rotavírus, atualmente estão comercializadas duas vacinas virais vivas: RotaTeq® (RV5), Merck e Rotatrix® (RV1), Glaxo Smithkline. Contudo, no caso do Norovírus diversos fatores adicionais, como variabilidade herdada no hospedeiro, diversidade genogrupo noroviral, e evolução viral decorrente, vão continuar a complicar o desenvolvimento da vacina viável. Até que uma vacina abrangente e sustentável seja desenvolvida e comercializada, a gestão de surto vai depender primeiramente dos esforços e vigilância para o controlo de infeção.
he list of recently discovered gastrointestinal viruses is expanding rapidly and the gastrointestinal tract is a vulnerable organ for infections as there is constant contact with the outside, mainly via the oral route. Rotavirus and Norovirus are virus responsible for causing gastrointestinal infections, the main symptom is diarrhea and affects specially children under five years of age. They are ubiquitous worldwide and the most probable route of transmission is by contact person-to-person or by fecal-oral route. It is estimated the incubation period is 48 hours and the main symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, fever and dehydration. The main goal of the treatment is to compensate dehydration of lost liquids and to correct the electrolyte and acid-base imbalance. For Rotavirus there are currently in market two living vaccines: RotaTeq® (RV5), Merck e Rotatrix® (RV1), Glaxo Smithkline. However, for Norovirus there are several additional factors, like inherited host variability, noroviral genogroup diversity, and occurring viral evolution, that complicate the development of a viable vaccine. Until a comprising and sustainable vaccine is developed and commercialized, outbreak management will depend primarily on the efforts and surveillance to prevent and control the infection.
he list of recently discovered gastrointestinal viruses is expanding rapidly and the gastrointestinal tract is a vulnerable organ for infections as there is constant contact with the outside, mainly via the oral route. Rotavirus and Norovirus are virus responsible for causing gastrointestinal infections, the main symptom is diarrhea and affects specially children under five years of age. They are ubiquitous worldwide and the most probable route of transmission is by contact person-to-person or by fecal-oral route. It is estimated the incubation period is 48 hours and the main symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, fever and dehydration. The main goal of the treatment is to compensate dehydration of lost liquids and to correct the electrolyte and acid-base imbalance. For Rotavirus there are currently in market two living vaccines: RotaTeq® (RV5), Merck e Rotatrix® (RV1), Glaxo Smithkline. However, for Norovirus there are several additional factors, like inherited host variability, noroviral genogroup diversity, and occurring viral evolution, that complicate the development of a viable vaccine. Until a comprising and sustainable vaccine is developed and commercialized, outbreak management will depend primarily on the efforts and surveillance to prevent and control the infection.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Análises Clínicas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Rotavírus Norovírus Infeção Trato gastrointestinal Vacinação Teses de mestrado -2021