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Desenvolvimento rural e planeamento : o caso de Alter do Chão
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A presente investigação centra-se na análise das relações de influência entre os instrumentos de planeamento territorial à escala municipal e o desenvolvimento em espaço rural. O objectivo principal é avaliar em que medida os actuais planos territoriais contribuem para um desenvolvimento local e rural sustentável. A questão da individualização do espaço rural é justificada porque, em Portugal Continental, tem sido marcado por negligências decisórias e atrasos socioeconómicos significativos em comparação com os grandes centros urbanos, que são assimetricamente mais equipados e infra-estruturados. Argumenta-se também que a abordagem ao planeamento deve ser diferenciada, considerando as características específicas das áreas rurais em contraste com as densamente urbanizadas. Foi escolhido como estudo de caso o município de Alter do Chão, por ser o primeiro a completar o Sistema de Gestão Territorial (SGT) ao nível nacional. Isto é, a elaborar e rever o Plano Director Municipal (PDM, em 2014) após aprovação dos programas hierarquicamente superiores. Para apoiar a avaliação foi primeiramente elaborado um diagnóstico territorial que estabelece o referencial de análise e sintetiza o estado do desenvolvimento rural e local. Posteriormente, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia própria de avaliação de planos territoriais que aplicámos ao PDM de Alter do Chão. Com este trabalho demonstramos, por um lado, que é possível e necessária a avaliação dos planos territoriais na sua componente rural do desenvolvimento, em especial na fase ex ante à sua elaboração. Por outro lado, apesar dos avanços registados, verificamos que há ainda muitos aspectos a melhorar no seu contributo para o desenvolvimento rural e local sustentável. Adicionalmente, concluímos que o alcance de um novo cenário desejável implica alterações profundas quer internas às autarquias locais, na forma como se conduz e estrutura o planeamento e operacionaliza a governança territorial, como nos factores externos, que enquadram a organização administrativa do território.
This research aims at analyzing the influence on the relationship between the spatial management tools on a municipality scale and its rural development. It mainly focuses on finding out the way the current territorial plans contribute to a sustainable rural development. The issue of individualization of rural space is justified because rural areas in Continental Portugal have recorded decisive neglects and significant socio-economic delays in comparison to large urban centers, asymmetrically more equipped and infrastructured. In addition, we also argue that the approach to planning must be differentiated considering their specific characteristics in contrast to densely urbanized areas. We selected Alter do Chão as a case study because it is the first municipality to complete the Portuguese Territorial Management System (SGT). This involves elaborating or revising the existing Municipal Master Plan (PDM) after the approval of national and regional territorial programs. To support the evaluation, we built a territorial diagnosis that establishes the analysis framework and summarizes the state of rural and local development. To achieve our goal, we created a customized methodology for evaluating territorial plans that we applied to the Alter do Chão Mater Plan. With this work, we demonstrate, on one hand, that it is possible and necessary to evaluate the territorial plans in their rural development component, especially in the ex ante phase of their elaboration. On the other hand, despite the recorded advances, we find there are still many aspects to improve in its contribution to sustainable local and rural development. In addition, we conclude that achieving a new desirable scenario implies profound changes, both internal to local authorities, in the way planning is conducted and structured and territorial governance is operationalized, as well as in the external factors that frame the administrative organization of the territory.
This research aims at analyzing the influence on the relationship between the spatial management tools on a municipality scale and its rural development. It mainly focuses on finding out the way the current territorial plans contribute to a sustainable rural development. The issue of individualization of rural space is justified because rural areas in Continental Portugal have recorded decisive neglects and significant socio-economic delays in comparison to large urban centers, asymmetrically more equipped and infrastructured. In addition, we also argue that the approach to planning must be differentiated considering their specific characteristics in contrast to densely urbanized areas. We selected Alter do Chão as a case study because it is the first municipality to complete the Portuguese Territorial Management System (SGT). This involves elaborating or revising the existing Municipal Master Plan (PDM) after the approval of national and regional territorial programs. To support the evaluation, we built a territorial diagnosis that establishes the analysis framework and summarizes the state of rural and local development. To achieve our goal, we created a customized methodology for evaluating territorial plans that we applied to the Alter do Chão Mater Plan. With this work, we demonstrate, on one hand, that it is possible and necessary to evaluate the territorial plans in their rural development component, especially in the ex ante phase of their elaboration. On the other hand, despite the recorded advances, we find there are still many aspects to improve in its contribution to sustainable local and rural development. In addition, we conclude that achieving a new desirable scenario implies profound changes, both internal to local authorities, in the way planning is conducted and structured and territorial governance is operationalized, as well as in the external factors that frame the administrative organization of the territory.
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Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento local e rural sustentável Avaliação em planeamento do território Sistema de Gestão Territorial Plano Director Municipal Alter do Chão Sustainable rural and local development Evaluation in territorial planning Portuguese Territorial Management System Municipal master plan