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Resumo(s)
A presente dissertação procura definir um método para a representação tridimensional de fachadas e integração e análise de dados acerca da radiação solar que zona elementar da estrutura recebe anualmente. A radiação solar nas fachadas apresenta uma variabilidade em Z e o seu estudo e análise ainda se encontram pouco desenvolvidos, devido à sua complexidade quer de modelação quer de representação. No entanto, os SIG começam a mostrar crescentes capacidades na área dos 3D, e como tal, foi levantada a possibilidade de utilizar modelos urbanos tridimensionais da área em estudo, o Campus da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL) para levar a cabo este objectivo. Para isso, foram criados os modelos tridimensionais dos edifícios do Campus, utilizando um método tradicional de modelação - bottom-up, partindo das pegadas dos edifícios e criando todos os detalhes do edifício de uma forma interactiva com base em fotografias. Foi também desenvolvida uma nova metodologia para a derivação de modelos digitais do terreno a partir de dados LiDAR reamostrados, utilizando indicadores locais de autocorrelação espacial para isolar e remover aglomerados classificados com valores residuais altos e positivos. Posteriormente foi gerada uma nova estrutura de pontos para receber os valores da radiação calculados previamente. Este estudo é parte integrante de um projecto a decorrer no Departamento de Engenharia Geográfica, Geofísica e Energia da FCUL, que visa calcular o potencial fotovoltaico urbano.
This dissertation aims to define a method to represent three-dimensional façades that allow integration and analysis of solar radiation data that each element of the structure receives annually. The Z variability of the solar radiation phenomenon and its overall complexity sets a tone for its difficult modelling and analysis and this might be the reason why façades are often discarded from the scope of solar radiation studies. GIS software is starting to show great capabilities in the 3D field and therefore the possibility of using three-dimensional urban models of the study area, the Campus of the Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon University (FCUL), was raised. To do so, the buildings of the study area were modeled using the traditional bottom-up approach, starting from the buildings’ footprints and adding details based on photographs of the site. Also a new methodology to create a digital terrain model from resampled LiDAR data was developed, and it uses local indicators of spatial association to separate and remove high residuals clusters that can be classified as non-terrain objects. Finally, a new point structure for the façade was generated and can be joined spatially with the solar radiation data calculated previously. This study is part of a project in development in the Department of Geographic Engineering, Geophysics and Energy that has the purpose of assess the urban photovoltaic potential.
This dissertation aims to define a method to represent three-dimensional façades that allow integration and analysis of solar radiation data that each element of the structure receives annually. The Z variability of the solar radiation phenomenon and its overall complexity sets a tone for its difficult modelling and analysis and this might be the reason why façades are often discarded from the scope of solar radiation studies. GIS software is starting to show great capabilities in the 3D field and therefore the possibility of using three-dimensional urban models of the study area, the Campus of the Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon University (FCUL), was raised. To do so, the buildings of the study area were modeled using the traditional bottom-up approach, starting from the buildings’ footprints and adding details based on photographs of the site. Also a new methodology to create a digital terrain model from resampled LiDAR data was developed, and it uses local indicators of spatial association to separate and remove high residuals clusters that can be classified as non-terrain objects. Finally, a new point structure for the façade was generated and can be joined spatially with the solar radiation data calculated previously. This study is part of a project in development in the Department of Geographic Engineering, Geophysics and Energy that has the purpose of assess the urban photovoltaic potential.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (Tecnologias e Aplicações), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2012
Palavras-chave
Modelo tridimensional de edifícios Modelo digital do terreno LiDAR Fachadas Radiação Solar SIG Teses de mestrado - 2012
